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Fact check: Are there businesses in the US who pay employees cash only and or hire undocumented workers

Checked on June 14, 2025

1. Summary of the results

Yes, there are businesses in the US that employ undocumented workers and use cash payments, but the situation is complex and widespread. Approximately 7.5 million undocumented workers make up 4.6% of the US workforce [1]. The practice is particularly prevalent in specific industries:

  • Construction and agriculture: 13-14% of workforce
  • Hospitality: 7.1% of workforce
  • Nearly half of all farmworkers are undocumented [2]

Regarding cash payments, while legal when properly documented, employers must still:

  • Withhold and report taxes
  • Verify work eligibility
  • Maintain proper documentation [3] [4]

2. Missing context/alternative viewpoints

The original question overlooks several crucial aspects:

*Economic Impact:

  • Undocumented workers contributed $96.7 billion in taxes in 2022
  • They maintain a 5.27% effective federal income tax rate
  • Mass deportation could reduce the economy by $1.1-1.7 trillion [5]

Industry Distribution:

  • 29% work in services
  • 24% in construction
  • 19% in production and transportation [6]

Worker Exploitation:

  • Widespread wage theft
  • Unsafe working conditions
  • Workers vulnerable due to fear of deportation
  • 1,066 labor trafficking cases reported in 2021 [2]

**3. Potential misinformation/bias in the original statement**

The question's framing could suggest illegal intent, but it's important to note:

Legal Considerations:

  • Cash payments are legal when properly documented [3]
  • Strict regulations exist from Department of Labor and IRS [4]

Stakeholder Interests:*

  • Employers benefit from reduced labor costs [7]
  • Industries like agriculture and construction rely heavily on undocumented labor [1]
  • Workers face exploitation but often lack legal recourse [2]
  • The broader economy benefits from undocumented workers' contributions [5]

The reality is more nuanced than simply legal vs. illegal, involving complex economic, social, and human rights considerations.

Want to dive deeper?
What are the legal penalties for US businesses that hire undocumented workers?
How common is cash-only employment in industries like construction and hospitality?
What government agencies investigate businesses for hiring undocumented workers?
How does the underground economy affect tax revenue and worker protections?
What are the risks for undocumented workers employed in cash-only positions?