Which countries have signed trade deals with the U.S. under Trump (including post-2024 activities)?
Executive summary
The Trump administration since January 2025 has announced a string of bilateral “reciprocal” trade agreements, frameworks, and fact sheets naming at least the United Kingdom, European Union, Japan, South Korea, China (a framework), Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Argentina, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Malaysia and Cambodia as parties to deals or frameworks in 2025 reporting (examples: U.S.–EU deal announced July 2025; U.S.–UK deal announced May 8, 2025; Indonesia and Philippines pacts July 2025; Malaysia and Cambodia signed agreements October 2025) [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. Reporting and official White House fact sheets describe combinations of “agreements,” “frameworks,” “joint statements,” and investment pacts rather than classic comprehensive FTAs [2] [6].
1. What counts as a “trade deal” under this administration — and why it matters
The White House and many outlets use flexible language—“agreements on reciprocal trade,” “frameworks,” and “joint statements”—rather than the long negotiated free-trade agreements (FTAs) Congress typically reviews; official fact sheets portray these instruments as binding wins while outside analysts warn they are often limited in scope and may preserve broad U.S. tariffs such as a baseline 10% or country‑specific reciprocal rates [2] [7] [8]. That distinction matters because many announced pacts adjust tariff schedules or carve out product lists rather than replace the existing, comprehensive trade architecture that requires congressional implementing legislation [2] [8].
2. Who the administration says it has “made deals” with (official and media lists)
White House fact sheets and USTR statements list a cluster of countries and blocs: the United Kingdom (May 8, 2025), the European Union (July 2025), China (a framework announced in mid‑2025), Japan and South Korea (frameworks and investment commitments), Indonesia and the Philippines (July 22, 2025), and Southeast Asian countries including Vietnam, Malaysia, Cambodia and Thailand in October 2025, plus framework statements with Argentina, Ecuador, El Salvador and Guatemala in later fact sheets [9] [2] [7] [3] [10] [6].
3. Independent and trade‑law observers’ caveat: quantity vs. depth
Analysts and trade law firms emphasize the administration prefers one‑off, bilateral fixes and tariff bargaining over multilateral rule‑making; commentators note these are “special deals” and warn they can be narrower than traditional FTAs, potentially leaving tariffs, rules of origin, and non‑tariff barriers in place or subject to later action [11] [12]. Statista and other trackers counted fewer firm agreements than the administration’s public roster—many announcements are frameworks or exemptions tied to specific tariff lists rather than comprehensive, codified deals [13].
4. The tariff backdrop that pushed rapid announcements
These deals arrived amid a sweeping reciprocal‑tariff policy and IEEPA‑based tariff notices that threatened higher duties on dozens of trading partners; the threat of tariffs pressured partners to negotiate quickly and allowed the administration to present a running tally of “deals” that roll back or modify some levies while leaving underlying tariff authority intact [14] [15] [1]. Legal challenges to the tariff authority and litigation over IEEPA actions also accompanied the negotiating push, complicating the permanence of any concessions [15].
5. Where reporting and official records disagree or leave gaps
Media trackers (The Hill, Investopedia, The Guardian aggregates) and the White House list overlapping but not identical sets of countries and different labels for outcomes; independent legal analyses highlight that many commitments are political or administrative (frameworks, carve‑outs, investment pledges) rather than statutory FTAs approved by Congress [1] [16] [11]. Available sources do not mention a comprehensive list of every country that has completed a full, Congress‑ratified free trade agreement under the 2025 administration—most cited items are executive agreements, frameworks, or tariff modifications (not found in current reporting).
6. Bottom line for readers and stakeholders
The Trump administration has publicly announced numerous bilateral and regional agreements or frameworks in 2025 — EU, UK, China (framework), Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, and several Latin American partners among them — but many announcements are limited in scope, tied to tariff carve‑outs, or remain “frameworks” rather than full FTAs requiring congressional implementing legislation [2] [3] [5] [6]. Follow‑up scrutiny should focus on legal form (executive order vs. treaty/implementing law), detailed tariff schedules, and whether concessions become permanent or conditional on further implementation steps [15] [11].