Fact check: Hi welcome to another episode of Cold Fusion Take a look at this picture It features prominent tech individuals like Meta's Mark Zuckerberg Amazon's Jeff Bezos Google CEO Sundar Pachai and Tesla's Elon Musk As of recording this video the combined net worth of these four people is over $700 billion In fact Mark Jeff and Elon are centillionaires Of course the recent stock market dip may have wiped off some of their wealth but these billionaires can still sleep easy enough at night People with dozen digit fortunes didn't exist 8 years ago But now according to the Forbes 2025 billionaire list a record 15 people are on that list and that's up from just six in 2023 When Forbes first made this list in 1987 they had to scrape to find individuals worth more than 28 billion adjusted for inflation and all they could find were just two Japanese tycoons And now today that 28 billion amount isn't even enough to land you in the top 50 of that list The trend is as clear as day There's no stopping these billionaires In 2024 alone billionaire wealth surged by $2 trillion That's at a rate three times faster than the entire global economy And for the first time in history the richest Americans now pay less tax than the working class Something is clearly wrong But what it's not a question of why there's such inequality but more a question of how this is all happening Why are families struggling to buy cartons of eggs while billionaires seem to keep adding to their wealth with absolute ease what happens to the world economy if this trend keeps on going does the middle class cease to exist and what can we do to fix all of this and not repeat the same mistakes let's take a look You are watching Tool Fusion TV The world's richest people are just getting richer and even faster than expected Oxfam's annual inequality report says five people are now on track to reach trillionaire status within the next decade Elon Musk is first in line followed by Amazon's Jeff Bezos Oracle's Larry Ellison Meta's Mark Zuckerberg and LVMH's Bernardu Whenever numbers like millions billions and trillions are discussed it's often difficult to put the vast difference between them into context So let's start there If you yes you watching made $1 every second you'd be a millionaire in 12 days That's under 2 weeks But how long would it take to reach a billion dollars 6 months a year Well at a rate of $1 per second every day non-stop you'd need over 31 years And that's just for 1 billion As we know the world's richest have not just 1 billion but tens even hundreds of billions And their wealth just keeps growing For example in 2024 their combined wealth skyrocketed from 13 trillion to 15 trillion in just 12 months And the richest 10 men saw their fortunes grow by an average of 100 million per day That's more than what entire villages or towns in some parts of the world will earn in a lifetime every single day And these guys the billionaires have been absolute vacuum cleaners of wealth over the past few decades The top 1% alone has captured 38% of all new wealth created since 1995 And this is at the same time where the poorest half of the world's population which is around 3.8 billion people owns just 2% of global wealth Think about that for a second No matter how you look at it these stats are staggering The ultra rich are clearly pulling further ahead while half the world is effectively locked out of wealth And it goes further It's not just numbers on paper This kind of money can warp economies influence politics and shape the world in ways that we can barely comprehend You don't see it much on TV You don't hear it talked about here at all But the American people do not believe that it is appropriate that three people one two three Mr Musk Mr Bezos and Mr Zuckerberg three Americans own more wealth than the bottom half of American society 70 million people And that's not a useless fact either Massive wealth inequality usually comes before internal conflict Or more accurately it's a symptom of a deeper problem When the government has problems funding itself when there are bad economic conditions and living standards for most people are declining and there are large wealth values and political gaps internal conflict between the rich and the poor as well as different ethnic religious and racial groups greatly increases This leads to political extremism that shows up as populism of the left or the right Those of the left seek to redistribute the wealth while those of the right seek to maintain the wealth in the hands of the rich Ray Dallio a billionaire investor and economic historian puts it this way Quote I've studied the last 500 years of history and cycles and these things repeat over and over again large wealth gaps with large value gaps at the same time as there's a lot of debt and there's an economic downturn produces conflict and vulnerability One of the biggest impacts the rising wealth gap has had is the shrinking middle class The middle class is one of the hallmarks of a healthy economy So when they shrink and start to falter it's a symptom of a wider problem It's been a slow process but we all know deep down that something is going wrong If you think back to the TV shows of the 80s and the '90s it wasn't uncommon to find characters that live comfortably on just a single wage Life was portrayed as financially easy and that's because relatively it really was But then things started to go wrong When you really think about how the economy has been since I left high school in the late 2000s the middle class just couldn't catch a break In 2008 there was the housing crisis which turned into an international global financial crisis Europe got a second wind of that disaster around 2011 In most of the Western world the average Joe was hit by an economic bomb Small businesses closed jobs were lost and households were struggling Over the next decade growth was permanently slower than before because the real economy had died And I've covered that in detail in a previous video But other than that people were still getting by But then came co the government response shuttered entire economies leaving everyday people straining themselves just to get by And there's a famous saying question what words do you never want to hear answer: I'm from the government and I'm here to help And this joke played out in real time when governments turned on the money printers to counteract their shutdown policies They thought they were helping but the result was yet another disaster Now today we're left with rising inflation stagnant wages and soaring living costs And the pressure is only getting worse The middle 40% of the global population owns just 22% of global wealth But at the top end of town it's exactly the opposite Making money seems easier than ever before As it turns out all that government printing helped the stock market which helped the billionaires But we'll get to that in a bit As the saying goes wealth begets more wealth So this acceleration will continue But before we get into the weeds we need to back up a little bit How are these guys getting so rich how does one even become a billionaire is it ethical to be a billionaire well that depends on your political leanings but some individuals do indeed have a rag to rich's story But the pleasantries start and end there A growing number of billionaires tend to come through one of three routes: monopolies inheritance and corruption According to Forbes the most common way to become a billionaire is through finance In fact nearly 1 in six billionaires or just over 15% made their money in finance and investments The second most common way is technology at 12% And the third manufacturing also at 12% But it's not just by hard work and innovation Billionaires don't play by the same rules as the rest of us And in this section we'll cover the three ways that this is the case Number one inheritance In 2023 more new billionaires inherited their wealth than built it Every single billionaire under 30 was born rich The problem is in a lot of cases depending on where you are there's no tax on this kind of wealth transfer While the average person works decades to build financial security billionaire families pass down fortunes tax-free and they keep their wealth locked up in an exclusive family club Number two corruption and loopholes Many argue that the financial system is designed to protect the wealthy Just look at the 2008 financial crisis Banks made reckless bets crashed the economy and then got bailed out with billions in taxpayer dollars It's capitalized the profits and socialized the losses Meanwhile millions of people lost their homes jobs and savings And it's not just banks The very top percent of earners avoid taxes like a plague They stash money in offshore accounts or borrow against their assets instead of selling them And this means that they don't have taxable income If I told you that in the US for example the richest 25 people in the country paid an effective tax rate of 3.4% you'd cry foul Why should the average person be taxed at 6 times more when they earn a tiny infantessimal fraction of what the billionaires earn well although unfair it's perfectly legal and it's a bit of a rabbit hole But hear me out This is called the buy borrow die technique Edward McAffrey the scholar who coined the term buy borrow die says that this technique is being abused so much that it quote has basically killed the entire concept of an income tax for the wealthiest individuals End quote But he goes on to add that it's quote the most important tax avoidance strategy today End quote So here's how it goes Instead of working a 9-to-five wage and then getting taxed like a pleb the best way to earn wealth is through accumulating appreciating paper assets like stocks The wealth isn't taxed until these stocks are sold Yes a tariff surprise or another stock market shock may make the wealthy sweat a little bit but overall in the big picture over the past few decades you'd be doing well And the next step borrow Since there are no taxes for loans the genius part of this is that the wealthy simply just borrow against their existing assets to buy more things Take Larry Ellison of Oracle for example He built a $270 million yacht an $80 million mansion and even bought an island worth 30 million All from borrowing against 30 billion of Oracle stock as collateral But I know what you're thinking You can't just keep doing this These loans have to be paid off at some time And when they do these guys are going to have to sell their assets Well that's not exactly true And this is the third part Die All these guys have to do is just pay off the interest on the loans until they die If you're dead you can't be taxed now can you furthermore when an individual dies the value that their assets gain during their lifetime is exempt from tax Their children can then use these gains to pay off the loans Technically there's supposed to be a tax on inheritance but that's no issue for top tax agents Trust accounts and other arrangements essentially eliminate any tax that has to be paid This technique is cunning smart and hidden away from the average person At number three monopoly power Monopolies account for nearly 18% of billionaire wealth When a single company dominates an industry it crushes competition sets prices and dictates wages Back in the original guilded age of the late 1800s industrial giants controlled steel oil and banking Today tech giants control global commerce information and infrastructure Amazon controls over 80% of online purchases in major European markets Google owns 90% of the search engine market Meta formerly Facebook owns four of the top five most used social media platforms It's present in other industries too In Nigeria Aliko Dangort has a near monopoly on cement This gives him massive economic and political power across Africa Gamadani's conglomerate the Adani group has faced accusations of crony capitalism and monopolistic behavior particularly in sectors like ports and energy But monopolies aren't just about wealth They're about control They can even influence government policies Even though the United States has checks and balances in place to avoid these exact scenarios it seems like the loopholes are just as accessible With all of these factors combined we're looking at billionaire wealth increasing at an unprecedented rate It's actually not just increasing it's accelerating Last year Oxfam predicted that we'd see the worst first trillionaire within a decade Now we're on track to have that in 5 years or sooner But some people believe it or not think that this is actually a good thing They believe that if there's more billionaires that means that economies are indeed doing well and it means that there are opportunities to make massive money And while it's true that wealthy economies tend to create super rich individuals if you look at the GDP per capita and compare it to the number of billionaires there's no real correlation For example India Mexico and Brazil have far more billionaires than Sweden or Switzerland Despite the fact that these two European countries have a higher GDP per capita so what does that mean it means that in most countries a handful of ultra- richch individuals control a massive share of the nation's wealth while the majority of people struggle to get by Now we have to talk about the financial situations that have allowed billionaires to grow so rapidly very recently Pumping more money into an economy doesn't automatically create more wealth for the broader society Leaving aside the inflation risk there's something else at play The Cantalon effect The term comes from Richard Cantalon an 18th century economist He noticed that when new money enters an economy it doesn't spread out evenly through society Instead it benefits those who get access to the money first The wealthy and big corporations have first access to new money They get it through government contracts central bank policies and financial institutions They then use it to buy stocks real estate and businesses before inflation kicks in But for regular people who get their money later they see higher prices before their wages or savings have a chance to catch up Think of it like pouring water from a glass onto the top of a very large sponge The water soaks the top first but by the time it reaches the bottom it's soaked through and there's only just a few drops left And of course this leads us back to what we talked about earlier When governments pumped millions upon millions of dollars through the economy through the mechanism of stimulus checks unemployment benefits and business relief programs it put cash into people's pockets which at first seemed great But then what happened next prices skyrocketed especially once again the prices of assets Housing and stocks went on an absolute tear And guess who's most likely to own these assets the wealthy They already had their real estate and their stocks so they were happy to see the value sore Meanwhile everyday people saw their buying power shrink due to inflation Once the stimulus money ran out people were back to where they started Except now everything was more expensive And this is why the rich get richer during times of economic expansion And it's the same reason why the working class struggles to keep up with rising costs So it really is more money more problems And there's some other side effects When new money enters into an economy whenever a country's government pumps in more money it supercharges the stock market Well this is not universal but it's mostly true in the context of modern capitalist economies And the claim is backed up by this chart which is adapted from the financial analyst Lynn Alden's research in her book Broken Money It shows the super tight correlation between the S&P 500 and government liquidity injections In simple words this chart demonstrates that the more money that the Fed and the US Treasury pump into an economy the higher the stock prices saw These are all publicly traded stocks so it must be good for all investors at least But the problem lies elsewhere In 2022 the wealthiest 10% possessed get this 93% of all stock market equity That means that when the government floods the economy with money it primarily benefits those who already have their wealth invested in assets like stocks For the ultra rich it's all their Christmases at once Meanwhile for everyone else enjoy higher rent and struggling to buy eggs If you think that sounds unfair you're not alone Gary Stevenson a former financial trader economist and YouTuber who graduated from the London School of Economics explains perfectly Money is not food Money is not energy Money is not housing Money is not healthcare Okay if we give everybody money we have not increased the amount of actual resources and assets we have in our society Okay so you don't make society richer by giving people money You make society richer by creating and having more resources and assets So if I give everybody more money all that happens is the prices go up But if I give you a bit of money and him a lot of money then he gets richer and you get poorer because you have a bit more money but the prices have gone up relative to both of your increases in in money So I think this is the thing I want and the reason I'm hammering this down is because they did that in co and they got away with it And to be honest the the Conservative government lucked out with the Ukraine war because that took the entire blame for the inflation which in my opinion was caused by their massive increase in inequality Stevenson's words drive home a truth Simply handing out money isn't going to bridge the wealth gap It's a much deeper structural problem And as time progresses people are becoming more and more frustrated about it People are pushing back Their bitterness is spilling over online and in the streets All of this isn't just noise People are actually demanding real change My husband's making the most money he's ever made And this is the brokeest we've ever been Make it make sense We try to live within our means We truly do It's like no matter how much you don't go out to eat no matter how much you don't spend money you're still going to be broke Why because that is the world that we live in That you know she is now working three jobs just to survive I had another gentleman who had mentioned that he's now living paycheck to paycheck at a job that he's been at for 30 years and he's a single father and he's never felt the pinch like he's doing now They are now using their credit cards just to pay some of their bills to survive So what can be done now in theory a wealthier society should mean better lives for everyone better schools better healthare and better infrastructure But if we do compare today to any time in history up until parts of the 20th century life is indeed still better Children don't die of curable illnesses Most of us have a smartphone electricity and clean water But the time we're in now feels especially painful because living standards are moving backwards and now it's at an accelerated rate Governments can start with progressively taxing the ultra rich The idea is that a chunk of their income can go into funding things like schools and healthcare A problem with taxing the rich though is that they could just leave the country if the laws become too strict So it is still a balance Speaking of having a balance here's Milton Freriedman on why 100% inheritance tax is a bad idea for example And given that the kind of people who become successful capitalists do not become that way by giving away their wealth voluntarily isn't it necessary to forcibly redistribute wealth before you can begin to operate under a capitalist system no it is not What is the effect of 100% inheritance tax the percent of 100% inheritance tax is to encourage people to dissipate their wealth and high living The harm in that the harm in that is that where do you get the factories where do you get the machines where do you get the capital investment where do you get the incentive to improve technology we do forget that the rich definitely not all of them but at least some of them invest in companies And this does help the economy I guess the difference between now and when this was filmed is that companies today tend to be focused more on extracting money at all costs more often than not rather than creating better products for the consumers But that's a story for another day And then there's the financial sector which is where I think most of the work can be done Authorities should look at tightening loopholes Allowing companies to buy back their own stock was an absolute disaster both for the quality of our companies and for wealth inequality Companies being able to buy their own stock and push up the price Sounds like fraud but it's legal Economist Lenor Paladino puts it this way Stock buyback programs are quote one of the drivers of our imbalanced economy in which corporate profits and shareholder payments continue to grow while wages for typical workers stay flat And then of course we have offshore tax havens creative accounting practices or questionable capital gains exemptions Closing these loopholes could help the wealthiest contribute their fair share at least more than 3.4% in tax Of course there's the argument that it's their hard-earned money Why should they give it back but this isn't about punishing success It's about making sure the system doesn't keep reinforcing advantages for those already at the top Closing tax loopholes shouldn't be that controversial And yes governments do squander tax revenues like a fat kid in a candy store but at least there's a potential for a fairer tax system to help those who need it most without inflation These solutions would be about building a society where success doesn't come at the expense of everyone else It's about creating opportunities for everyone not just protecting the privileges of a few There's also proposals of raising the minimum wage If multiple countries in the West do have a working poor class that is they have full-time jobs but still live in their cars something is clearly wrong But then again on the flip side many argue that raising the minimum wage could lead to job losses or increased costs for small businesses and ultimately even end up being inflationary These solutions are hard they're nuanced and they'll take time competent leadership and a lot of thought to get right But there's no getting around it If we want to avoid mass riots and social disruption in 10 years ultimately something has to be done if we're to lessen the gap Here's Gary again Chancellor now there'd be very very little I could do Honestly Honestly because if I come out and try and tax the richest I will get attacked by all of the richest and most powerful people in this country in the world would attack me Then the newspapers will attack me Everyone will attack me And it will become extremely difficult And unless the the general public your average British man woman on the street understands we need to deal with inequality to protect our living standards to protect our homes to protect our children it will be impossible So the demand needs to be bottom up Listen this is not achievable without the support of the public This is not achievable without the support of the public Without the broad support of the public these are not one-sizefits-all solutions The economic situation and overall state of your country can be extremely different depending on where you are Not every place has the same problem What works in the US might flop in India or vice versa The fact of the matter is billionaire wealth buys political influences to tip the scales in their favor And it's an uphill battle but we have to start somewhere And even if we are just discussing solutions in broader strokes it's a start So what do you guys think about all of this it is a strange time to live in but I'd like to hear what some of your solutions could be Maybe we can get a conversation going in the comments section below To kick off the discussion over on the Cold Fusion Instagram there was a post in reference to this video Under it there were some interesting comments in response One user expresses a common viewpoint If a billionaire creates jobs for countless people then what's wrong with that the main problem is hoarding wealth and not really contributing to society I guess that ties into what we've learned from this episode A lot of the ultra wealthy don't make most of their money from industry but investments especially the stock market and taking out loans against those investments as collateral But do you agree with that billionaires are fine as long as they create jobs and contribute to society Feel free to discuss The Trump tariffs gave the world whiplash Stock markets plunged vaulted higher and then plunged again But in the chaos some people made money This is Charles Schwab It's not just a company It's actually an individual He made he made 2.5 million today and he made 900 million And this has caused accusations of insider trading.