What are the 2025 IRMAA income brackets for Medicare Part B and Part D premiums?

1. What the rules are and how you’re assessed

Medicare applies IRMAA to Parts B and D based on your MAGI from two years prior; for 2025 the SSA examines 2023 tax returns to decide whether a beneficiary owes an IRMAA surcharge ^{[3] [5]}. The SSA notifies affected beneficiaries and individuals can request a redetermination if income changed because of specified life‑changing events by filing Form SSA‑44 ^{[6] [5]}.

2. The starting thresholds: who is first affected

Multiple consumer and financial outlets report that the 2025 IRMAA thresholds begin at $106,000 of MAGI for individual filers and $212,000 for married couples filing jointly — taxpayers with MAGI above those levels face surcharges on top of the regular Part B and Part D premiums ^{[3] [1] [7]}.

3. The structure of the surcharges — sliding scale and caps

Reporting repeatedly notes IRMAA is assessed on a sliding scale across several income brackets (commonly described as five brackets), with surcharges increasing as MAGI rises and the top brackets reaching $500,000 for individuals and $750,000 for joint filers in 2025 ^{[1] [2]}. Sources state surcharges can add substantially to monthly premiums — summaries show Part B total premiums for high‑income beneficiaries vary by bracket ^{[4] [3]}.

4. How much extra you might pay (context not single authoritative chart)

CMS published the 2025 Part B premium and IRMAA amounts and shows the total Part B premiums for high‑income beneficiaries in a table ^[4]. Consumer outlets translate those tables into dollar ranges: for example, summaries indicate total Part B premiums in 2025 for those subject to IRMAA can run substantially above the $185 standard premium ^{[3] [1]}. Available sources do not include a single, fully enumerated list of every 2025 bracket and exact surcharge lines in these search results; for the precise dollar surcharge per bracket consult CMS or SSA notices ^{[4] [6]}.

5. Practical implications and planning levers

Advisors and media coverage emphasize the two‑year lookback and the risk of one‑time income spikes (e.g., large Roth conversions or capital gains) that can push a beneficiary into IRMAA for two years — planning techniques (timing conversions, offsetting gains, or appealing after life events) are widely discussed as ways to avoid or reduce IRMAA exposure ^{[1] [2] [7]}. The SSA’s Form SSA‑44 is the official route to request use of more recent income data after qualifying life changes ^[6].

6. Where reporting agrees and where it diverges

Sources consistently agree on the key facts: the MAGI two‑year lag, the $106,000/$212,000 starting thresholds for 2025, and that surcharges are on a sliding scale up to high‑end caps ($500k/$750k) ^{[3] [1] [2]}. What differs across private outlets is the exact presentation of surcharge dollar amounts per bracket and interpretive guidance on planning; CMS/SSA remain the authoritative sources for exact premium tables and formal appeals procedures ^{[4] [6]}.

7. What you should do next to get exact numbers

For precisely which bracket and surcharge applies to you, consult the CMS fact sheet that lists 2025 Part B total premiums for high‑income beneficiaries and SSA communications explaining IRMAA determinations; personal Social Security notices will state your exact 2025 amount ^{[4] [8]}. If you believe your IRMAA is wrong due to changed circumstances, submit Form SSA‑44 as documented by SSA guidance ^[6].

Limitations: This summary relies on CMS, SSA guidance and contemporary reporting; the searchable excerpts provided do not include a single authoritative table enumerating every 2025 dollar surcharge per bracket in the results set, so readers should consult the CMS fact sheet and SSA notices cited here for the exact surcharge amounts that apply to their case ^{[4] [6]}.