Are there any long-term side effects of ivermectin use in humans?

1. Summary of the results

The analyses provided suggest that ivermectin is generally considered safe for human use, with minimal side effects and no convincing evidence of long-term adverse effects or drug resistance in humans ^[1]. However, rare but serious adverse reactions can occur, such as encephalopathy, toxidermias, and confusional disorders, although these are typically acute and infrequent ^[2]. Severe episodes of confusion, ataxia, seizures, and hypotension have also been reported, particularly in cases of inappropriate use or overdose ^[3]. Neurological disorders can occur in cases of exceptionally high doses, but these can be successfully managed with symptomatic treatment and monitoring ^[4]. Animal studies have shown that ivermectin-induced acute toxicity can result in oxidative stress, disruptions in P-glycoprotein, IL-5, and dopamine levels, and significant changes in brain and skin tissues ^[5]. The safety and effectiveness of ivermectin for treating various diseases, including onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, have been highlighted, with minimal side effects ^{[1] [2]}.

2. Missing context/alternative viewpoints

• The analyses primarily focus on the safety and efficacy of ivermectin in the context of treating specific diseases, such as onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis ^{[1] [2]}. Alternative viewpoints on the use of ivermectin for other purposes, such as COVID-19 treatment and prevention, are not fully explored ^[3].
• Long-term side effects of ivermectin use in humans are not directly addressed in most analyses, with some sources stating that there is no convincing evidence of long-term adverse effects ^[1] and others not providing relevant information ^[6].
• The role of vitamin C and flumazenil in treating ivermectin-induced toxicity is mentioned in one analysis, but further research is needed to fully understand their potential benefits ^[5].
• The impact of ivermectin use on specific populations, such as children, pregnant women, or individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, is not fully explored in the analyses ^{[1] [3]}.

3. Potential misinformation/bias in the original statement

The original statement asks about the long-term side effects of ivermectin use in humans, but some analyses suggest that this may not be a significant concern ^[1]. However, other sources highlight the potential for rare but serious adverse reactions, which could be overlooked if the focus is solely on long-term side effects ^{[2] [3]}. The pharmaceutical industry and healthcare professionals may benefit from emphasizing the safety and efficacy of ivermectin, while public health officials and researchers may benefit from highlighting the potential risks and need for further research ^{[3] [1]}. The media and general public may be misled by incomplete or inaccurate information about ivermectin, which could impact its use and perception ^{[3] [6]}.