What clinical trials have been conducted on Neurodefender and what were their designs?

1. What the available record does — and doesn’t — show

A targeted search of the supplied documents turned up no mention of a therapy called Neurodefender, no clinicaltrials.gov identifiers, and no sponsor or investigator names tied to that brand; therefore there are no reported trial designs for Neurodefender in this dataset (available sources do not mention Neurodefender). The items you provided focus on general neurotherapeutics infrastructure, trial education, and pipeline reviews rather than on a specific agent called Neurodefender ^{[1] [4] [5]}.

2. How new neurotherapeutic candidates typically enter clinical trials

The NIH Blueprint Neurotherapeutics Network (BPN) programs described in the provided sources outline the standard pathway for biologic or small‑molecule candidates to reach first‑in‑human testing: lead optimization, GLP safety studies, cGMP manufacture, IND‑enabling work, and then a phase I clinical trial managed by a clinical development team ^{[2] [3]}. If Neurodefender were an investigational biologic or small molecule, investigators would commonly follow those steps and could seek BPN support for an UG3/UH3 award that includes first‑in‑human trials ^{[2] [3]}.

3. Typical trial designs you’d expect for a first‑in‑human neurotherapeutic

Based on the NIH program descriptions, an initial clinical trial for a novel neurotherapeutic would usually be a Phase I study focused on safety, pharmacokinetics, and possibly pharmacodynamics; these are often single‑ or multiple‑ascending dose, sometimes single‑arm, sometimes placebo‑controlled depending on risk and endpoints, and run after IND‑enabling preclinical work is complete ^{[2] [3]}. The BPN materials explicitly link UH3 activities to completion of GLP toxicology and the conduct of a first‑in‑human (FIH) clinical trial, which frames the expected safety‑first design ^[2].

4. Why major trial databases and pipeline reviews matter for verification

Authoritative verification of trials generally comes from registries (e.g., clinicaltrials.gov) and peer‑reviewed pipeline reviews. The Alzheimer's pipeline review in the provided list demonstrates that systematic reviews use registries to enumerate trials and phases (182 AD trials on the index date) — a method you would use to confirm whether Neurodefender has registered studies ^[5]. Because those registry‑driven reviews are how reporters and clinicians confirm trial existence and design, the absence of Neurodefender in the provided materials means we cannot assert any trials exist ^[5].

5. Alternative explanations and next steps to find trial designs

Possible reasons you find no mention here: Neurodefender may be a preclinical candidate not yet in IND filing, a trade or marketing name not used in registries, a program run by a small sponsor not covered in these sources, or simply outside the timeframe or scope of the supplied documents (available sources do not mention Neurodefender). To locate trial designs, check clinicaltrials.gov for the drug name, active ingredient, or sponsor; search company press releases and regulatory filings; and review recent pipeline summaries in neurology journals and conference abstracts (the provided pipeline and registry‑focused sources model this approach) ^[5].

6. Broader context: funding, courses and reporting that shape trial conduct

The materials you provided show active professional education (clinical trial courses) and policy/funding mechanisms that shape neurology trials: the Neurotherapeutics course and ASENT training resources explain trial design principles for drugs and devices, and NIH BPN funding supports the translational bench‑to‑first‑in‑human path ^{[1] [6] [2] [3]}. Reporting and market analyses (pipeline reviews, trial updates) are the channels that later document trial designs and outcomes once studies are registered and data emerge ^{[5] [7]}.

If you want, I can (a) scan clinicaltrials.gov and recent press releases for Neurodefender or its active ingredient (if you provide the chemical or company name), or (b) outline the likely protocol elements (population, endpoints, controls, dosing escalation) for a hypothetical Phase I–II neurotherapeutic based on the NIH BPN guidance cited above ^{[2] [3]}.