How many undocumented immigrants were deported under Biden each year (2021–2025)?

1. What the available reporting actually measures — removals, returns, expulsions

Government and news reports use different terms: "removals" (formal deportations), "returns" (sometimes rapid returns/expulsions), and Title 42 expulsions (public-health expulsions). Several outlets and ICE data mixes these categories, so headline totals can reflect different underlying practices rather than a single consistent definition of "deported" ^{[4] [2] [5]}.

2. The best public yardsticks for FY 2021–2024

Migration Policy Institute reported roughly 1.1 million deportations from the start of FY2021 through February 2024, framing that as on pace with 1.5 million over Trump's full four years ^[1]. ICE’s own two‑weekly and annual reports (used by outlets) list removals by fiscal year; for example, ICE reported about 271,484 deportations (removals) in FY2024 — cited by mainstream outlets including El País and The Guardian ^{[3] [2] [6]}.

3. Why calendar years 2021–2025 are hard to state from these sources

Federal data are published by fiscal year (FY runs Oct–Sep) and by biweekly ICE tables; many media analyses aggregate fiscal-year totals or cumulative spans (FY2021–FY2024) rather than calendar-year 2021–2025. Reports in 2024–2025 frequently compare FY totals—so converting to calendar years requires re-aggregation that the cited sources do not provide directly ^{[7] [4] [5]}.

4. Key headline figures you can cite from the sources

• ICE/press reporting: 271,484 removals in FY2024, described as the highest annual total in a decade ^{[3] [6]}.
• Migration Policy Institute: roughly 1.1 million deportations from start of FY2021 through Feb 2024 ^[1].

These are the clearest single-year / multi-year numbers in the available reporting, but they rest on fiscal‑year accounting and the categories ICE reports ^{[1] [3]}.

5. Conflicting interpretations and political framing

Some outlets and analysts argue Biden’s numbers are high because of surges of recent border crossers (easier to remove quickly) and continued use of emergency expulsions early in his term; critics say the administration prioritized removals not only of criminals, while defenders say high totals reflect historically elevated border encounters ^{[2] [5] [8]}. Pro‑administration materials framed later removals as border management successes, while opponents stress declines in deportations of criminal aliens or dispute how expulsions are counted ^{[9] [10]}.

6. What the sources do not provide (and what you’d need to compute exact 2021–2025 calendar totals)

Available reporting does not supply a straightforward, consistently defined calendar‑year tally for "undocumented immigrants deported" for each year 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and through 2025. To produce that you would need: (a) ICE’s biweekly removals/expulsions tables broken down by date and category, (b) clarity on whether Title 42 expulsions and rapid returns are to be counted as "deportations," and (c) a decision whether to use fiscal or calendar years — items not assembled in a single cited source here ^{[4] [7] [5]}.

7. Recommended next steps if you want exact year-by-year numbers

Ask for ICE’s Removals: FY20XX tables (biweekly releases) and specify calendar-year aggregation and whether to include Title 42 expulsions/returns. Alternatively, request a fiscal‑year breakdown (which the sources do supply for FY2021–FY2024) and I can tabulate those figures from the cited ICE/analysis pieces if you confirm the category definitions you want counted ^{[4] [1] [3]}.

Limitations: this summary uses only the supplied sources and therefore relies chiefly on fiscal‑year aggregates and media syntheses; a precise calendar‑year count per your original phrasing is not directly available in the provided materials (not found in current reporting).