How many convictions have resulted from the probe and what sentences were handed down?

1. What the sources actually provide: no single “probe” tally

None of the provided materials contain a consolidated count of convictions tied to a single, named investigation; instead, the sources include general legal primers on what constitutes a conviction and how sentences are determined (Study.com on convictions; USSC on guidelines; Federal Public Defender on federal sentencing procedures) ^{[1] [6] [3]}. Those explanatory pieces describe processes — guilty verdicts or judge decisions yield convictions ^[1], sentencing guidelines frame judge discretion ^{[6] [3]}, and pre-sentence investigation and inputs shape the final term ^[7] — but they do not report an aggregate result from any particular probe ^{[1] [6] [3] [7]}.

2. Two concrete case examples in the reporting, but from different matters

The supplied search results contain discrete case reporting that illustrates outcomes prosecutors and courts hand down: the early phase of the Mueller special counsel probe produced a guilty plea by Alex van der Zwaan, whose sentencing guideline called for zero to six months in prison (reporting noted a sentencing event was expected) ^[4]. Separately, Illinois’ high-profile corruption prosecution of former Speaker Michael Madigan produced convictions on 10 counts and a sentence of 7½ years in prison, followed by three years’ probation and a $2.5 million fine ^[5]. Those two items are not components of a single “probe” and therefore cannot be summed to answer “how many convictions resulted from the probe” without knowing which investigation the question refers to ^{[4] [5]}.

3. Why a straight numeric answer is not available in these sources

The corpus here mixes legal background, sentencing law, and isolated trial reporting but lacks a dataset or article enumerating convictions from one identifiable investigation; general sources summarize sentencing mechanisms and guideline calculations rather than outcomes ^{[1] [2] [6] [3]}. Where outcomes are given, they are case-specific: van der Zwaan’s guilty plea and guideline range in the Mueller matter ^[4], and Madigan’s convictions and sentence in a corruption trial ^[5]. Absent a named probe or an aggregator article in the provided material, an authoritative count of convictions and a complete list of sentences from “the probe” cannot be produced from these sources alone ^{[1] [6] [3]}.

4. What can be reliably stated from the provided reporting

From the supplied pieces, it is factual that convictions result from judge decisions or jury verdicts (Study.com) ^[1], that sentencing follows guided ranges and judicial discretion per the U.S. Sentencing Commission and federal practice ^{[6] [3]}, and that specific prosecutions produced particular outcomes: Alex van der Zwaan’s guilty plea in the Mueller probe with a guideline of 0–6 months ^[4], and Madigan’s conviction on 10 corruption counts and sentence of 7½ years, three years’ probation and a $2.5 million fine ^[5]. Any broader numeric tally of “convictions from the probe” or a comprehensive list of sentences tied to a single investigation is not present among the supplied documents ^{[1] [6] [3] [5] [4]}.

5. How to get the definitive answer

To produce the exact number of convictions and the sentences imposed for a specific probe requires identifying the probe by name and consulting primary coverage or official records: prosecutor press releases, court dockets, sentencing memoranda, or a reliable news compilation covering the investigation’s outcomes. Those records are not included in the provided sources, so this report stops short of inventing counts or sentences beyond the discrete examples cited ^{[5] [4]}.