What did prosecution witnesses testify about Conan Hayes and the hard drives in the Tina Peters trial?

Checked on January 2, 2026
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Executive summary

Prosecution witnesses described a coordinated effort in May 2021 in which an outsider identified by prosecutors as Conan Hayes was covertly brought into Mesa County’s secure “trusted build” to copy election-system data, with photos and disk images later appearing online; witnesses said county badge misuse, a mailed package and disabled cameras were central to that scheme [1] [2] [3]. Witness testimony tied county employees and associates of Tina Peters to helping Hayes gain access, and prosecutors presented testimony that the images and a hard drive containing passwords ended up in California and on conspiracy forums [4] [5] [6].

1. Prosecution’s core narrative: an outsider brought in using a stolen identity

Multiple prosecution witnesses testified that Peters allowed an individual into the secure update who was represented to officials as county employee Gerald Wood but was actually Conan Hayes, a California resident described in reporting as a self‑styled data expert and believer in 2020 election conspiracy theories; prosecutors say Hayes used Wood’s badge to enter the trusted build for a software update in May 2021 [2] [1] [7].

2. Badge procurement and inside cooperation: testimony from Knisley and others

Brenda Knisley, Peters’ former deputy who later pleaded guilty and cooperated, testified that she helped obtain a security badge tied to Gerald Wood and that she understood that the badge would be used by another man — identified by prosecutors as Hayes — to access the voting machines [4]. Other prosecution witnesses corroborated a pattern of internal assistance that enabled an unauthorized person to be present during the trusted build [8].

3. The hard drive, package, and photos: physical trail presented in court

Employees testified that a hard drive containing Mesa County passwords and forensic images was created and that someone mailed a package containing confidential election information to Conan Hayes in California, according to investigators and testimony presented by prosecutors [3] [5] [9]. Witnesses also described unauthorized photographs taken of equipment and passwords during the update that later circulated online, which triggered the Secretary of State’s investigation [10] [11].

4. Secret recordings, disabled cameras, and contemporaneous alarm

Prosecution witnesses, including elections staff who made a clandestine recording of a May 2021 meeting, testified that Peters ordered surveillance cameras turned off during the late-night activity, and that the unusual timing and camera shutdown were part of the prosecution’s depiction of a planned effort to clandestinely copy machines [8] [2]. Those recordings and security logs were used to connect personnel movements and timing to the alleged breach [8].

5. Hayes’ online role and the public leak: testimony tying him to postings

Prosecutors pointed to testimony and later events showing that images and disk images tied to Mesa County’s systems were published to conspiracy channels and that a hard drive with sensitive information was mailed to Hayes; reporting notes that images of hard drives and software were later posted on fringe forums, which precipitated the official inquiry [3] [6]. Witnesses said the timing of the images and the presence of the outsider at the trusted build were causally linked in investigators’ accounts [11].

6. Limits, defense counterclaims, and evidentiary boundaries in court

The defense emphasized alternate explanations: some witnesses supporting the defense said Wood consented or was aligned, and Sherronna Bishop testified she helped introduce Hayes and claimed coordination among Peters, Wood and others [7] [1]. The defense also sought to argue Peters believed Hayes was a government informant, but the judge barred that claim from jurors after prosecutors said there was no evidence he was an informant [1] [11]. Hayes himself was not charged in the prosecution’s case, and some contested messages and Signal chats shown in court were restricted or not independently authenticated [2] [12].

7. Outcome and prosecutorial portrait of responsibility

Prosecutors used the cumulative testimony — badge misuse, an allegedly mailed hard drive, photos and disabled cameras — to depict a deliberate scheme that Peters facilitated; reporting indicates the jury later convicted Peters on multiple counts and that prosecutors said Hayes created and posted the images that triggered the investigation [1] [6]. Reporting also documents plea deals for cooperating witnesses like Knisley, which the prosecution relied upon to reconstruct events [4] [10].

Want to dive deeper?
What evidence did the defense present to rebut the prosecution’s account of the Hayes hard‑drive transfer?
How did investigators trace the hard drive and image files from Mesa County to online postings and to Conan Hayes?
What are the legal standards and precedents for charging third parties who receive or publish election system images?