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Fact check: Who has authority to call National Guard in Washington DC during emergencies?

Checked on June 10, 2025

1. Summary of the results

The command structure of the DC National Guard is unique compared to other state National Guard units. While the President has ultimate authority, this power has been delegated to the Secretary of Defense and further to the Secretary of Army [1]. This delegation was established by a 1949 executive order and was demonstrated during the January 6th events when Acting Defense Secretary Chris Miller ordered the unit's activation after consulting with Vice President Pence [2]. In 2020, the Pentagon modified the deployment process to give the Secretary of Defense more direct authority in urgent situations, particularly for crowd control scenarios that require quick response within 48 hours [3].

2. Missing context/alternative viewpoints

Several important contextual elements are worth noting:

  • The current command structure dates back to 1889 when DC had no local government [4]
  • Unlike other states' National Guard units, the DC Mayor has no authority to activate the Guard [5]
  • During emergencies like January 6th, even high-ranking officials like Nancy Pelosi and Mayor Muriel Bowser cannot legally activate the Guard without presidential approval [5]
  • The President can federalize the National Guard under specific circumstances related to national security [6]

3. Potential misinformation/bias in the original statement

The question itself oversimplifies a complex command structure. There are competing interests at play:

  • Local Government Advocates argue for transferring command to the DC Mayor, suggesting the current structure is outdated [4]
  • Federal Authority Supporters benefit from maintaining presidential control, citing national security concerns
  • The current system creates potential delays in emergency response, as demonstrated during January 6th when multiple officials couldn't directly activate the Guard [5]
  • The 2020 Pentagon changes suggest an attempt to balance quick response needs with federal oversight [3]
Want to dive deeper?
What is the difference between DC National Guard and state National Guard command structures?
Who controlled the National Guard during the January 6th Capitol incident?
Can the President directly deploy DC National Guard without other approvals?
What role does the DC Mayor play in National Guard deployment decisions?
How does the Insurrection Act affect National Guard deployment in Washington DC?