What bills have been proposed to require disclosure or ban dual citizens from serving in Congress, and what is their status?
Executive summary
Two tracks of recent congressional proposals have drawn attention: narrow disclosure measures aimed at identifying lawmakers with foreign nationality and sweeping bans that would strip or prohibit dual citizenship altogether — most prominently Senator Bernie Moreno’s Exclusive Citizenship Act of 2025 and a prior House disclosure bill, H.R. 7484 (Dual Citizenship Disclosure Act). Both approaches are proposals, not law, and face legal, political and logistical obstacles [1] [2] [3].
1. The Exclusive Citizenship Act of 2025 — an outright ban and its current status
Senator Bernie Moreno introduced the Exclusive Citizenship Act of 2025 to make it unlawful for any person to hold U.S. citizenship simultaneously with any foreign citizenship, to force current dual citizens to choose one nationality within a year of enactment, and to direct the State Department to build rules and records to enforce exclusive citizenship, including coordination with Justice and DHS to record relinquishments in federal systems [4] [5] [3]. The bill is publicly listed in Congress as S.3283 for the 119th Congress (2025–2026) and remains a proposal rather than law; legal analysts warn it would upend decades of precedent about voluntariness and intent for relinquishing U.S. nationality and trigger complex tax and administrative consequences for affected Americans [1] [6] [3]. Observers and lobbying groups say the proposal has limited legislative momentum so far, and forecasting models cited by immigration experts put its likelihood of enactment very low, noting the extensive legal challenges it would almost certainly provoke [7] [3].
2. Disclosure-focused bills: H.R. 7484 and other transparency proposals
A narrower approach has been to require disclosure from Members of Congress about foreign-national status: H.R. 7484, filed in the 118th Congress as the Dual Citizenship Disclosure Act, would require Members who are foreign nationals to file a statement of that status and related information, and is recorded in congressional databases like GovTrack and Congress.gov [2] [8]. That bill’s text and procedural history are public records, but H.R. 7484 did not become law during the 118th Congress and stands as a prior House proposal that could be reintroduced or modified in later sessions [2] [8]. Other disclosure-oriented measures have included calls to add dual‑citizenship questions to the census — for example the “Make Allegiances Clear Again Act” (MACA) proposed by Rep. Abe Hamadeh would add a question about dual citizenship to census operations, signaling a data‑collection approach rather than an immediate ban [9].
3. Proposals to bar dual nationals from serving in Congress and precedent
Beyond renunciation or disclosure, some Republican lawmakers have floated bills explicitly barring dual citizens from serving in Congress; reporting notes that Rep. Randy Fine previously introduced such a proposal, reflecting an effort to make citizenship exclusivity a qualification for office [10]. None of these more aggressive eligibility‑bar provisions have become federal law; they face constitutional questions about qualifications, previous Supreme Court decisions that recognize protections for citizens who acquire foreign nationality, and logistical issues in proving foreign nationality and enforcing removals [5] [10].
4. Political context, public opinion and likely trajectory
The push for bans and disclosures is occurring in a broader 2025 legislative context that also includes proposals to restrict birthright citizenship, and it is being driven by a political constituency emphasizing “exclusive allegiance”; surveys in December 2025 found roughly one‑third of Americans supported eliminating dual citizenship, suggesting limited public consensus for sweeping bans [11] [12]. Legal scholars and immigrant‑rights advocates argue the Moreno bill conflicts with constitutional protections requiring voluntary intent to relinquish citizenship and would be costly to administer; other stakeholders emphasize national‑security rationales and transparency arguments behind disclosure bills [6] [3] [10].
5. Bottom line: proposals exist but have not changed the law
Multiple bills have been proposed: Senator Moreno’s Exclusive Citizenship Act (S.3283) would ban dual citizenship and compel choices within a year if enacted; H.R. 7484 was a 118th‑Congress disclosure bill requiring statements from Members who are foreign nationals; Rep. Randy Fine and others have filed measures to bar dual citizens from Congress; and Rep. Hamadeh proposed census reporting via the MACA Act — but none of these measures is law as of their reporting, and experts expect heavy legal challenges and low odds of enactment for sweeping bans [1] [2] [9] [10] [7]. Where reporting does not set a definitive legislative endpoint, that limitation is noted rather than assumed.