Which states publish county-level 2024 results in machine-readable formats and where are those pages located?

1. The problem the reader actually faces: state pages are fragmented and inconsistent

States publish election returns through their own secretaries or state boards of elections, and the formats and locations differ widely; Princeton’s elections research guide documents that while many states provide county‑ and precinct‑level data, the project is “continually in process” and data completeness and file formats vary across jurisdictions ^[7]. That fragmentation is why national users and researchers rely on aggregators that standardize machine‑readable outputs rather than a single state index ^[7].

2. What the federal aggregator provides: FEC compiled Excel of official 2024 presidential results

The Federal Election Commission publishes an “Official 2024 Presidential General Election Results” file compiled from state election offices and makes it available in both PDF and Excel — a direct machine‑readable national consolidation of state‑supplied returns ^[1]. That FEC spreadsheet is useful as a one‑stop machine‑readable source, but it reflects the compilation choices and timing of the FEC and not every state’s native file structure ^[1].

3. Academic and open‑source aggregators that already host county‑level 2024 files

Researchers have produced ready‑to‑use county‑level datasets for 2024: MIT Election Lab’s data portal explicitly states it contains county‑level returns for presidential elections through 2024, intended for analysis and merging with demographic files ^[2]; Bucknell’s digital commons hosts a county‑level 2024 presidential dataset that the authors say was sourced from finalized state election board results and prepared for GIS mapping ^[3]. Both are machine‑readable and intended for analysis, though users should note provenance and any post‑processing documented by those projects ^{[2] [3]}.

4. Community compilations and scripts: GitHub repositories pulling state files together

Independent open‑source projects have stitched state outputs into consolidated county‑level CSV/GeoJSON/topojson packages; the tonmcg GitHub repository, for example, collects U.S. county‑level presidential results from 2008–2024 and documents sourcing from multiple outlets, offering ready‑to‑use files for mapping and analysis ^[4]. These community efforts are machine‑readable and convenient, but maintainers warn that such collections are “exhaustive, [but] not authoritative,” so researchers should cross‑check with state certifications when precision matters ^[4].

5. Concrete state example and what the state pages look like

Maryland’s State Board of Elections makes 2024 election data and precinct references available as downloadable Excel files and individual county result pages — for example the Queen Anne’s County certified 2024 results page and the State Board’s 2024 election data index offering Excel precinct references and data files ^{[6] [5]}. This demonstrates the common pattern: a state elections “data” or “results” landing page hosting machine‑readable Excel/CSV downloads and county‑specific result pages ^{[5] [6]}.

6. Caveats, alternatives, and the practical recommendation

Because state formats and publication practices vary (Princeton guide), the most practical approach for researchers is to rely on vetted aggregators (FEC’s compiled Excel, MIT Election Lab, Bucknell, or curated GitHub projects) for immediate machine‑readable county‑level 2024 results, and to verify critical values against the relevant state board’s official downloads ^{[7] [1] [2] [3] [4]}. Reporting shows these aggregators exist and host the data, but does not provide a complete state‑by‑state directory of native state pages — thus the assessment depends on combining state pages (example: Maryland) with national compilations ^{[5] [6] [1] [2] [3] [4]}.