Fact check: What are the 91 criminal charges against Donald Trump?

1. Why the “91 charges” claim is murky and worth scrutinizing

Public references to “91 charges” appear to be cumulative tallies across multiple indictments rather than a single charging instrument; the provided analyses reflect this fragmentation. One source summarizes four separate indictments filed in 2023—two state and two federal—with categories including falsifying records, mishandling classified documents, attempting to overturn the 2020 election, and racketeering tied to Georgia, but it does not enumerate 91 discrete counts in a single place ^[2]. Another source highlights a 34-count conviction in New York for falsifying business records, indicating overlap between count-level totals and headline assertions; therefore, the 91 figure likely mixes counts from different cases and outcomes rather than referencing one charging document ^{[1] [3]}.

2. What the four 2023 indictments, as summarized, actually allege

The set of indictments described in the provided analyses covers distinct legal theories and jurisdictions: state-level falsifying-business-records charges tied to the Stormy Daniels payment; federal national-security-related charges about classified documents; federal election-interference charges concerning efforts to overturn 2020; and a Georgia racketeering indictment linked to the post-2020 election activities. Each indictment carries multiple counts and different elements, so aggregating them yields a high numeric total, but the analyses stop short of itemizing every count or showing the math that yields 91 ^[2]. This fragmentation matters because counts in different jurisdictions have different legal standards, penalties, and procedural paths.

3. The significance of the 34-count New York conviction and how it fits the arithmetic

One analysis reports a conviction on 34 counts of falsifying business records related to a hush-money scheme; this is presented as a landmark conviction and a discrete tally of counts ^[3]. If the “91” total is real, these 34 convicted counts would account for a substantial portion, but the available materials do not show whether the remaining counts come from federal indictments, the Georgia racketeering case, or additional state filings. The conviction underscores how headline totals can conflate charged counts, tried counts, and convicted counts across time and venues, creating potential for public misunderstanding ^{[1] [3]}.

4. Timeline and source differences that shape public perception

The three analyses span reporting dates from late September 2025 to early January 2026, reflecting evolving developments: unsealed federal evidence (Sept 27, 2025), summaries of four 2023 indictments (Oct 10, 2025), and a January 1, 2026 report of a 34-count conviction. This sequence shows how numerics can shift as cases proceed—charges can be added, amended, consolidated, or result in convictions or dismissals—so a static “91” number reported at one time may be obsolete or incomplete later ^{[1] [2] [3]}.

5. Where the presented sources converge and where they diverge

All analyses converge on the fact that multiple indictments exist and that the New York falsified-business-records matter produced a 34-count outcome; they diverge on providing a comprehensive count and on emphasis. One piece focuses on unsealed federal evidence without itemizing counts, another frames the four 2023 indictments as distinct buckets of allegations, and a third presents the conviction as a historic development. The lack of a single, consolidated count across these pieces creates room for different narratives and for actors to emphasize selective numbers ^{[1] [2] [3]}.

6. Potential agendas and why they matter when interpreting the “91” figure

Each source has implicit selection choices that can reflect agendas—emphasizing a conviction may underscore accountability, spotlighting federal evidence may suggest broader institutional scrutiny, and summarizing multiple indictments may highlight legal exposure. That selection affects whether readers see a single criminal portrait or a patchwork of cases, and it matters for legal interpretation and public opinion. Because the analyses do not present an itemized 91-count ledger, readers should be cautious about accepting the number without cross-referencing the actual indictments and court dockets ^{[1] [2] [3]}.

7. What’s needed to convert “claims” into a verifiable list

To produce a definitive list of 91 charges requires: obtaining each indictment and any superseding instruments, tallying every count by jurisdiction and charge title, noting how counts were amended or resolved, and distinguishing charged counts from convictions or dismissals. The available summaries provide essential context but not the raw docket-level data needed for verification; assembling that data would eliminate ambiguity and prevent conflation of counts across separate cases ^{[1] [2] [3]}.