Which Maryland congressional districts are represented by Republicans and when were they elected?

1. One Republican, Seven Democrats — The Simple Headline that Holds Up

Contemporary rosters and public records show Maryland’s congressional delegation comprises eight seats, of which only the 1st Congressional District is represented by a Republican, Andy Harris, with districts 2–8 held by Democrats. This summary appears consistently across state listings and national reference pages that track congressional membership, which reflect the post‑2024 makeup of the delegation and the continuity of Harris’s tenure ^{[4] [1] [3]}. The consensus among these sources is clear: Maryland is a predominantly Democratic House delegation with a single Republican member, a fact that frames discussions about party strategy, redistricting, and federal representation from the state.

2. When Was Harris Elected? Tracing the First Win and Continuous Service

Andrew P. Harris first won the 1st District seat in the 2010 midterm election and was sworn into the House at the start of the 112th Congress in January 2011; sources record his initial term begin date as in early January 2011, with some references noting January 3 and others January 5 as the swearing‑in date. Harris has been re‑elected in every subsequent two‑year cycle through 2024, maintaining continuous service since that initial victory, which is why current rosters list him as the lone Republican in Maryland’s House delegation ^{[1] [5] [2]}. These details are consistent across public reference sites and state tracking pages that log election outcomes and congressional terms.

3. Cross‑checks, Election Results and the 2024 Context

The 2024 U.S. House elections in Maryland returned a 7–1 Democratic‑Republican split, reinforcing the pattern established in prior cycles: Democrats hold seven seats; Republicans hold one (the 1st District). National election summaries and state party tallies align on these totals, and public repositories used in political reporting reflect the same outcome for the 2024 elections ^{[3] [4]}. The consistency across these sources reduces the chance that a recent, localized upset or a late‑breaking special election altered the delegation balance, at least through the 2025 rosters compiled by reference sites and state listings.

4. Redistricting, Reporting Differences and Where Summaries Diverge

Some of the provided documents focus on redistricting maps and process rather than explicit party control of seats, which can create gaps if readers expect district‑by‑district partisan labeling in map documents; redistricting resources discuss district boundaries and 2022 maps without always naming current representatives, so cross‑referencing with member lists is necessary ^[6]. Separately, one political outlet link returned an access error in the provided analyses, illustrating how paywalls or access restrictions can silence reporting and force reliance on public databases ^[7]. These procedural differences explain minor discrepancies in how sources present dates and contextual material even when they agree on the core fact of which districts are held by which party.

5. Why This Matters — The Big Picture of Maryland Representation

Maryland’s configuration — a nearly all‑Democratic House delegation with a single Republican in a largely rural or Eastern Shore‑leaning 1st District — shapes federal advocacy, committee seniority, and partisan strategy for both state and national parties. Analysts and advocates use the stable fact of a 7–1 split to target resources, argue about redistricting fairness, and frame legislative priorities; the persistent single‑Republican outcome also prompts scrutiny of district lines and local voting patterns in the 1st District ^{[1] [6]}. For any question about more granular timing or special‑election contingencies, consult state election certification pages or the House Clerk’s membership rolls for the exact sworn dates and any mid‑term changes ^{[4] [2]}.