Fact check: How many non-citizens are registered to vote in the US as of 2025?

1. Summary of the results

Based on the available analyses, there is no specific number provided for non-citizens registered to vote in the US as of 2025. However, the evidence consistently shows that non-citizen voting is extremely rare across multiple states and time periods.

The most comprehensive data comes from research studies:

• A Brennan Center survey found only 30 cases of suspected noncitizen voting out of 23.5 million votes cast ^{[1] [2]}
• In Michigan, only 16 credible cases were found out of 5.7 million votes cast ^[3]
• Texas has documented only three instances of noncitizens casting ballots since 2012 according to the Heritage Foundation's database ^[4]
• A Georgia audit found only 20 registered noncitizens out of 8.2 million voters ^[5], with another source noting that no noncitizens had cast a ballot in Georgia in the past 25 years ^[2]

No state has found any coordinated effort to get noncitizens to vote in the 2024 election ^[3].

2. Missing context/alternative viewpoints

The original question assumes there is a significant number of non-citizens registered to vote, but the analyses reveal several important contextual factors:

Systematic Prevention Measures:

• Election officials regularly verify voter registration information and remove ineligible voters from voter rolls ^[1]
• The system is designed with built-in safeguards to prevent non-citizen voting ^[1]
• There are ongoing efforts to maintain accurate voter registration lists, as evidenced by the Justice Department's lawsuit against Orange County California for refusing to provide non-citizen voter removal records ^[6]

Political Context:

• The Trump administration has launched efforts that critics describe as undermining American elections ^[7]
• The Safeguard American Voter Eligibility (SAVE) Act has been introduced to require documentary proof of U.S. citizenship for federal elections ^[8]
• The Supreme Court allowed Virginia to continue removing suspected noncitizens from voter registration rolls ^[5]

Beneficiaries of Different Narratives:

• Political figures and organizations promoting stricter voting requirements would benefit from narratives suggesting widespread non-citizen voting
• Those opposing such measures benefit from emphasizing the rarity of non-citizen voting incidents

3. Potential misinformation/bias in the original statement

The original question contains an implicit assumption that there is a measurable, significant number of non-citizens registered to vote. This framing potentially perpetuates what researchers have identified as conspiracy theories about noncitizen voting ^[2].

The evidence suggests that:

• Claims of widespread noncitizen voting are conspiracy theories according to multiple analyses ^[2]
• The question's framing may contribute to unfounded concerns about election integrity
• Noncitizen voting is exceedingly rare based on comprehensive studies and audits across multiple states ^[2]

The question appears to seek validation of a premise that is not supported by the available data, which consistently shows that non-citizen voting occurs in isolated, individual cases rather than as a systematic problem requiring a specific count or registry.