Fact check: How many non citizens voted in the last presidential election

1. Summary of the results

Based on the analyses provided, no specific number of non-citizens who voted in the 2024 presidential election is available from any of the sources examined. However, multiple sources consistently report that non-citizen voting is extremely rare in U.S. elections.

The most concrete data comes from research on the 2016 election, where the Brennan Center for Justice found only 30 cases of suspected non-citizen voting out of 23.5 million votes cast in 42 jurisdictions with high immigrant populations ^[1]. Recent voter roll audits in Georgia, Ohio, and Iowa also found very few instances of non-citizen voting ^[2].

Federal law already prohibits non-citizens from voting in federal elections, and severe penalties serve as an effective deterrent for those who might attempt to vote illegally ^{[1] [3]}. The data from various states consistently indicates that voting by non-citizens is rare ^[3].

2. Missing context/alternative viewpoints

The original question lacks important context about the legal framework and enforcement mechanisms already in place. Non-citizen voting is not just rare—it's already illegal under federal law with serious consequences ^{[1] [3]}.

Republican lawmakers and officials would benefit from emphasizing concerns about non-citizen voting as it supports their push for stricter voting requirements, including legislation requiring proof of U.S. citizenship for voter registration ^[4]. The Justice Department under the current administration has actively supported states like Wyoming in implementing documentary proof of citizenship requirements ^[5].

Conversely, voting rights advocates and Democratic officials benefit from emphasizing the rarity of non-citizen voting, as it counters arguments for additional voting restrictions that they argue could disenfranchise eligible voters.

The White House has announced measures to improve election integrity specifically targeting non-citizen voting ^[6], indicating this remains a priority issue despite the documented rarity of such cases.

3. Potential misinformation/bias in the original statement

The original question itself doesn't contain explicit misinformation, but it implies that non-citizen voting occurred in significant numbers during the last presidential election. This implication is not supported by available data, which consistently shows such voting is "vanishingly rare" ^[2].

The framing of the question may perpetuate unfounded concerns about widespread non-citizen voting, which could be used to justify restrictive voting measures that primarily affect eligible voters rather than addressing a documented problem. The question lacks acknowledgment that comprehensive studies and audits have found minimal evidence of non-citizen voting in recent elections ^{[1] [2]}.