Fact check: Republicans pushing voting restrictions couldn't name how many cases of non-citizen voting happened over the last 20 years. The real number? 4 cases. In 20 years. Out of 150 million votes.

1. Summary of the results

The analyses strongly support the core claim that non-citizen voting is extremely rare. Multiple sources confirm this rarity through specific data points: Ohio had only 9 people indicted for voting as noncitizens over 10 years out of 8 million registered voters ^[1], and a Brennan Center survey found only 30 cases of suspected noncitizen voting out of 23.5 million votes cast ^[2]. The sources consistently describe non-citizen voting as occurring in "tiny fractions" and being "incredibly rare" ^{[1] [3]}.

However, the analyses do not directly verify the specific claim about Republicans being unable to name the number of cases during discussions of voting restrictions ^{[4] [3]}. The exact figure of "4 cases in 20 years out of 150 million votes" mentioned in the original statement is also not directly confirmed by the provided sources, though the available data suggests similarly minimal numbers.

2. Missing context/alternative viewpoints

The original statement omits several important contextual factors that emerge from the analyses:

• Non-citizen voting often occurs by mistake rather than intentional fraud, as people may not understand their eligibility status ^[4]
• Severe legal penalties exist that deter non-citizens from voting illegally, including potential deportation ^[2]
• Large-scale voter purges aimed at removing non-citizens often end up disenfranchising eligible voters ^[5]
• Election officials face significant challenges when responding to requests for sensitive voter data and election equipment access ^[6]

The analyses reveal that Republican narratives about non-citizen voting have become prominent despite the lack of evidence ^[3], suggesting this issue serves political purposes beyond addressing actual fraud.

3. Potential misinformation/bias in the original statement

While the statement's core assertion about the rarity of non-citizen voting is supported by evidence, it contains potential bias through:

• Presenting an unverified specific statistic ("4 cases in 20 years") without source attribution
• Making an unsubstantiated claim about Republicans' inability to provide numbers during voting restriction debates
• Framing the issue in a way that dismisses legitimate election security concerns while focusing solely on the rarity aspect

The statement appears designed to counter Republican narratives about non-citizen voting but does so using potentially unverified specific numbers. The analyses suggest that this narrative "could undermine confidence in the election" ^[3], indicating that both exaggerated claims about widespread non-citizen voting and dismissive responses may contribute to electoral distrust.