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Fact check: How did sanctuary city policies change from Obama to Trump administration?

Checked on June 12, 2025

1. Summary of the results

The transition from Obama to Trump marked a significant shift in approach to sanctuary cities, though both administrations maintained strict immigration enforcement. The Obama administration actually deported 3 million people - more than any previous president [1]. The Trump administration took a more confrontational stance, implementing several key changes:

  • Issued executive orders to withhold federal funding from sanctuary jurisdictions [2]
  • Threatened civil and criminal action against non-compliant officials [2]
  • Removed temporary protected status for migrants [3]
  • Conducted targeted ICE raids in sanctuary cities like Chicago and New York [3]
  • Instructed the DOJ to sue jurisdictions with immigration-friendly policies [3]

2. Missing context/alternative viewpoints

Several important contextual elements are worth noting:

  • There is no federal legal definition of what constitutes a "sanctuary city" [4]
  • Sanctuary policies generally focus on limiting local law enforcement's cooperation with federal immigration authorities [4]
  • Even during Obama's tenure, some cities were in "open rebellion" against federal immigration enforcement [5]
  • The Trump administration proposed additional measures including:
  • Mandatory E-Verify compliance
  • Potential limitations on state visa allocations for non-compliant jurisdictions [5]

3. Potential misinformation/bias in the original statement

The question itself might suggest a simple binary shift between administrations, when the reality is more complex:

  • The perception that Obama was "soft" on immigration is incorrect, as his administration conducted extensive deportations [1]
  • The Trump administration's approach was more publicly confrontational, leading to specific legal battles with:
  • Illinois
  • Chicago
  • Cook County [3]

Those benefiting from various narratives include:

  • Law enforcement agencies: Seeking clarity on their role and jurisdiction
  • Immigration advocacy groups: Using the contrast between administrations to highlight policy impacts
  • Political parties: Using the sanctuary city debate to energize their base and shape public opinion
  • Federal agencies: Particularly ICE, which saw its role and authority expand under Trump's "largest deportation force" initiative [2]
Want to dive deeper?
What specific sanctuary city policies did Obama implement during his presidency?
How did Trump's immigration enforcement differ from Obama's approach to sanctuary cities?
Which cities lost federal funding under Trump's sanctuary city crackdown?
What legal challenges arose from Trump's threats to defund sanctuary cities?
How did local governments respond to federal pressure on sanctuary city policies?