Trump has to pay Clinton

Checked on January 29, 2026
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Executive summary

A federal appeals court has affirmed that former President Donald Trump and his then-attorney Alina Habba are liable for nearly $1 million in sanctions for filing a suit against Hillary Clinton and others that judges found frivolous, with a district judge originally ordering payment to recoup defendants’ legal fees in January 2023 and the appeals court upholding that penalty on November 26, 2025 [1] [2] [3].

1. What the courts actually decided and why

U.S. District Judge Donald Middlebrooks dismissed Trump’s racketeering-style suit against Hillary Clinton, former FBI officials and others as “completely frivolous” and ordered Trump and Habba to pay $937,989.39 to cover legal fees, finding the complaint was a political manifesto that misused the courts [1] [4]; an 11th Circuit panel later unanimously upheld the sanctions, concluding the pair engaged in “sanctionable conduct” and that many arguments were meritless [3] [5].

2. The amount, who it's owed to, and how liability was allocated

The district court quantified the award at roughly $938,000 to cover fees and costs for the 31 defendants Trump named, with Hillary Clinton receiving the largest single award of about $172,000, and judged Trump and Habba jointly and severally liable for the total sum [1] [6] [7].

3. Appeals, the panel, and the narrative around impartiality

The appeals panel — a three‑judge 11th Circuit court that included judges appointed by presidents from both parties — rejected Trump’s bid to reinstate the underlying suit and endorsed the lower court’s assessment that the claims were frivolous, while reporting noted the trial judge who imposed sanctions was a Bill Clinton appointee, a fact that critics on all sides have seized on to frame political motivation [2] [6] [8].

4. Enforcement and practical impact — what reporting does and does not show

Coverage establishes the courts have affirmed the monetary sanction [3] [9], but the cited reporting does not provide a definitive account of whether or when the defendants actually collected the money from Trump or whether additional post‑appeal enforcement steps (levies, appeals for rehearing, or settlement gestures) have occurred; those enforcement details are not documented in the supplied sources [10] [11].

5. Competing frames: judicial rebuke vs. political grievance

Judges characterized the filing as an abuse of the judicial process and a political retaliation tactic, language repeated across outlets describing Trump as a “prolific and sophisticated litigant” who misused courts for political ends [1] [10], while supporters have decried the rulings as politically motivated and highlighted procedural aspects of the appeals panel and judges’ appointment histories to argue bias — both narratives appear in the coverage [8] [5].

6. Broader context and why this matters

The sanction is one of several legal rebukes that commentators say mark a judicial pushback against weaponized litigation; courts’ willingness to levy substantial fees against high‑profile litigants signals that judges will, at least in some instances, impose financial consequences for claims they find legally baseless — a theme emphasized in multiple reports about the Middlebrooks opinion and the appeals court decision [12] [13] [7].

Want to dive deeper?
What mechanisms do courts use to enforce fee sanctions against a defendant who resists payment?
How often are high‑profile litigants sanctioned for frivolous suits, and what precedents exist?
What are the next legal steps Trump can take after an appeals court upholds sanctions, and how often do such efforts succeed?