Fact check: How many US Presidents have been impeached by the House of Representatives?

1. Summary of the results

Based on the comprehensive analyses provided, three U.S. Presidents have been impeached by the House of Representatives ^{[1] [2] [3]}. These presidents are:

• Andrew Johnson - impeached in 1868 ^{[1] [2] [3]}
• Bill Clinton - impeached in 1998 ^{[1] [2] [3]}
• Donald Trump - impeached twice, in 2019 and 2021 ^{[1] [2] [3]}

The sources confirm that Trump holds the unique distinction of being the only U.S. president to have been impeached twice ^[4]. His first impeachment occurred on December 18, 2019, on charges of abuse of power and obstruction, and his second impeachment happened on January 13, 2021, on the charge of incitement of insurrection following the January 6 Capitol attack ^[5].

2. Missing context/alternative viewpoints

The original question, while factually answerable, omits several important contextual elements that provide a fuller understanding of presidential impeachment:

• Impeachment vs. Conviction: The analyses reveal that while three presidents were impeached by the House, none were ultimately removed from office by the Senate ^{[5] [4]}. All three were either acquitted or, in Johnson's case, avoided conviction by a single vote.
• Broader Impeachment History: The House has initiated impeachment proceedings more than 60 times throughout U.S. history, not just for presidents but for various federal officials ^[1]. Only eight officials have ever been found guilty and removed from office by the Senate, and all were federal judges ^[6].
• Constitutional Framework: The analyses provide important context about the impeachment process itself, noting the roles of both chambers of Congress and referencing the U.S. Supreme Court's 1993 decision regarding the 'political question doctrine' and its application to impeachments ^[7].

3. Potential misinformation/bias in the original statement

The original question contains no misinformation or apparent bias. It asks a straightforward factual question about the number of U.S. presidents impeached by the House of Representatives. The question is neutrally worded and seeks specific historical information that can be definitively answered through official records and historical documentation. The analyses consistently support the same factual answer across multiple authoritative sources, including official House and Senate records ^{[1] [2] [4]}.