How many Muslims lived in Europe in 2020 by country?

1. What the question actually demands — and what the sources allow

The user requests a per‑country tally for 2020, but the supplied sources include continent totals, several country estimates and academic compilations rather than a single official, comprehensive table for every European country for 2020; therefore the reporting can confirm continentwide aggregates and a set of specific national estimates but cannot, from these sources alone, produce a definitive, fully detailed country list with uniform methodology ^{[1] [2] [5] [3]}.

2. Continentwide estimates and why they differ

Major published estimates put the Muslim population of Europe at roughly 45.6 million (about 6% of Europe) in 2020 (Pew/Wikipedia summary) while independent academic work and some compilations report figures nearer to 49 million or ~42–45 million depending on geographic scope and data choices ^{[1] [2] [6] [3]}. Differences arise from whether transcontinental countries (notably Turkey and parts of Russia), which regional definitions are used, and which national surveys or projections are included ^{[1] [7]}.

3. Countries with the largest Muslim populations (selected headline figures)

Several sources list the countries with the largest Muslim populations in Europe: Russia and France are repeatedly named at the top (Russia pegged around 13.6 million in one 2020 estimate; France about 5.7 million), with Germany and the United Kingdom also large (Germany ~4.95 million; UK ~4.13 million in earlier Statista/Pew‑based compilations) — these are headline estimates compiled from Pew/Statista and media summaries ^{[6] [5]}. Media lists of “top 10” countries in 2020 cite totals that place Russia, France, Germany, the UK, and several Balkan states among the largest by number ^{[6] [5]}.

4. Countries and regions where Muslims are a majority or large minority

A distinct picture emerges in the Balkans and transcontinental states where Muslims form a majority or very large minority: Kosovo (over 90% Muslim), Bosnia and Herzegovina (about 50.7%), Albania (majority), North Macedonia (near 39–46% depending on age cohorts), Turkey and Azerbaijan (very high nominal shares in transcontinental definitions) ^{[1] [7]}. These high‑share cases drive much of the “Muslim Europe” label but are concentrated geographically rather than evenly spread ^{[1] [7]}.

5. Why an exact 2020 country table is hard to produce from these sources

National censuses vary in whether they ask religion, how recent they are, and how they count migrants and residents; academic compilations use differing cut‑offs for countries included in “Europe,” and projection models (Pew, Kettani/IJESD) use different baselines and migration scenarios — all of which produces the 45–49 million spread and prevents a single authoritative country‑level roster from these sources alone ^{[4] [2] [3]}.

6. Best path to assemble a reliable country‑by‑country list

A transparent country table for 2020 requires combining: (a) Pew Research Center country estimates and their methodological notes for comparability, (b) national statistical offices/census returns where religion is recorded, and (c) academic compilations like Kettani’s 2010–2020 dataset and updated maps/visualizations — these are the sources cited in the reporting and are recommended for anyone building a full per‑country dataset ^{[4] [2] [8]}.

7. Bottom line

Reporting converges on roughly 45–49 million Muslims in Europe in 2020 — about 6% of the continent — with large national concentrations in Russia, France, Germany and the UK and Muslim majorities in several Balkan and transcontinental states; however, a complete, consistent country‑by‑country table for 2020 is not contained in the provided sources and would require synthesizing Pew estimates, national censuses and academic datasets ^{[1] [6] [5] [2] [3]}.