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Name used to designate the territory of the Barbary and going from Libya to Morocco
: across history people of European descent have been enslaved in multiple contexts—from ’s social slavery to the ’s capture of Europeans, and forms of coerced labor in colonial —though the scale, leg...
Thomas Jefferson’s dealings with the Barbary States—diplomatic missions in the 1780s and naval action as president in 1801–05—shaped him to view the North African corsairs as a political and commercia...
did own Islamic texts—most notably a two-volume English translation of the Qur’an () that he purchased in the 1760s and later placed in his library—an ownership confirmed by and multiple historical tr...