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Capital and largest city of Venezuela
China is now the dominant buyer of Venezuelan oil, taking roughly 80% of exports in recent months (about 746,000 bpd in November) and absorbing large volumes of fuel oil and methanol as well (136,000 ...
Geological surveys and recent reporting locate most confirmed and reported coltan and rare earth occurrences in Venezuela’s southern Guayana/Orinoco region—especially Bolívar and adjoining Amazonas—la...
The documents supplied for review contain extensive reporting on foreign arrest warrants, the U.S. capture of Nicolás Maduro and international legal disputes — but they do not contain verified reporti...
Claims that Smartmatic or Dominion were created by — or directed by — the Venezuelan government to alter U.S. election results rest on a mix of verifiable corporate history and disproven conspiracy cl...
Hugo Chávez’s mid-2000s nationalizations transferred operational control of many foreign-run oil projects to PDVSA and the Venezuelan state, producing a patchwork of outcomes: some firms took negotiat...
The 2007 Venezuelan oil expropriations were a state campaign under President Hugo Chávez to convert foreign-operated oil projects into majority state-controlled ventures — a demand that led Caracas to...
Arbitral and court rulings stemming from Venezuela’s 2007 re-assertion of state control over oil projects have produced a mixed legal picture: international tribunals and settlements have found that V...
The core legal disputes between the United States and Venezuela over oil and other resources center on historical nationalizations and investor arbitration, U.S. sanctions and maritime interdictions o...
Yes — President Donald Trump publicly styled himself as the “Acting President of Venezuela” by sharing a doctored/mock-up image on his Truth Social account that labeled him as such, a move widely repo...
Hugo Chávez’s government seized or nationalized foreign oil assets in multiple waves, most prominently in 2007 when it reasserted state control over Orinoco heavy‑oil projects operated by major intern...
Since 2015 China’s oil-for-loans relationship with Venezuela shifted from aggressive expansion and fresh credit to cautious preservation, restructuring and in-kind repayment—driven by collapsing Venez...
Foreign state actors most visibly tied to Venezuela’s oil sector now are China and Russia, while limited Western involvement — notably Chevron — has fluctuated with U.S. licensing and sanctions . U.S....
The claim that Venezuela has been “invaded” and is controlled by Russian and Iranian agents, Hezbollah/Hamas, guerrillas, and cartels that control 60% of the population mixes documented foreign influe...
Venezuela has been ordered to pay large arbitration awards to multiple foreign firms for past seizures — notably ConocoPhillips (~$8–$10.7 billion total awards under different cases) and Rusoro (~$1.2...
Russia is actively aiding Venezuela in multiple domains—military, economic, and diplomatic—documented by recent deliveries, high-level agreements, and explicit requests from Caracas; evidence points t...
Claims that Venezuela — and specifically Nicolás Maduro’s government — secretly influenced or “rigged” the 2020 U.S. election circulated as part of broader “Stop the Steal” narratives and were amplifi...
Chevron currently stands out as the largest active foreign oil operator in Venezuela through licensed joint ventures with state oil company PDVSA, while a handful of other foreign firms — notably Russ...
Hugo Chávez’s drive to assert state control over Venezuela’s oil translated, by the mid-2000s, into the takeover or forced relinquishment of foreign-operated projects — most prominently assets run by ...
President Trump ordered a “total and complete blockade” of sanctioned oil tankers to and from Venezuela and demanded Caracas “return to the United States of America all of the Oil, Land, and other Ass...
Available reporting presents competing views: U.S. officials and commentators portray Venezuela and President Nicolás Maduro as a criminal and narco-trafficking security threat to the United States, w...