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Logistical network of roads and trails in Vietnam
Operation Popeye was a clandestine U.S. Air Force cloud‑seeding program (1967–1972) intended to extend monsoon rains over the Ho Chi Minh Trail and interdict North Vietnamese logistics by softening ro...
Cloud seeding is an established, decades‑old technique that can nudge precipitation under certain conditions but is not a proven tool for creating large‑scale extreme weather on demand; its effectiven...
Militaries have experimented with weather modification most visibly from the 1940s through the 1970s—early cloud‑seeding and hurricane tests (Project Cirrus/Stormfury) and an operational U.S. program ...
Operation Popeye (1967–1972) was a covert U.S. cloud‑seeding program that aimed to extend monsoon rains over the Ho Chi Minh Trail to soften roadbeds, induce flooding and landslides, and thereby hinde...
—an American cloud‑seeding campaign during the War—produced documented short‑term hydrological changes (increased rainfall and extended wet periods) intended to bog down enemy logistics, but authorita...
Operation Popeye used airborne cloud‑seeding—primarily silver‑iodide particles dispersed from aircraft—to try to extend monsoon rains over the Ho Chi Minh Trail with the aim of flooding and making roa...