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Medieval stage of the Greek language
Herodotus does use a Greek word that scholars and later writers identify with “Palestine” (Palaistinê) and applies it to a district between Phoenicia and Egypt; his passages mention “Syrians of Palest...
on a flag is not a single, uniform symbol; its meaning depends on cultural, historical, and design context — ranging from celestial bodies (sun, Venus, North Star) and religious or mythic references (...
Modern scholarship agrees there is documentary evidence that Khazar rulers and some elites were described as Jewish in medieval Hebrew, Arabic and Christian texts, but the reliability, date and scale ...
The territory commonly called Palestine has been governed at different times by local kingdoms and a long succession of empires: ancient Israelite and Philistine polities, Assyrian and Babylonian conq...
n biblical canon evolved within the milieu of the fourth–fifth centuries, where local ecclesiastical choices, translations from Greek (and later Arabic) and relative isolation produced an expanded cor...
Recent excavations and publications since 2010 have not produced a definitive archaeological “smoking gun” for a mass Jewish population across Khazaria, but they have sharpened debate by adding more a...
n Orthodox Tewahedo Church’s unusually large biblical corpus grew from a mix of , adoption of the , local liturgical and legal practices, and long cultural continuity shaped by geographic isolation; t...
The scholarly consensus from the available sources is that substantial portions of (the Ethiopic Apocalypse of Enoch) survive only in the Ethiopic (Geʽez) tradition and are not represented among the ;...
Non-Muslim, near-contemporary testimonies to are sparse but consistent in portraying an Arab leader whose followers practiced a strict monotheism; key witnesses are and Christian chroniclers and later...
n Orthodox Tewahedo Church preserved largely by keeping complete Geʽez manuscripts in its monastic and church treasuries over centuries, making the Ethiopian tradition the principal carrier of the ful...
The Roman emperor Hadrian or Roman authorities after the Bar Kokhba revolt reorganized the province of Judaea and used forms of the name Palaestina in the 2nd century CE, a change that has been read b...
Islam originated in the early 7th century CE on the Arabian Peninsula, where the Prophet Muhammad began reporting revelations that Muslims believe were from God (Allah) and which were later compiled a...
The supplied set of analyses contains about the Khazarian Empire’s role in medieval European politics: none of the nine source analyses mention the Khazars or their polity . —Western civilization form...