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Medieval stage of the Greek language
Herodotus does use a Greek word that scholars and later writers identify with “Palestine” (Palaistinê) and applies it to a district between Phoenicia and Egypt; his passages mention “Syrians of Palest...
Modern scholarship agrees there is documentary evidence that Khazar rulers and some elites were described as Jewish in medieval Hebrew, Arabic and Christian texts, but the reliability, date and scale ...
The territory commonly called Palestine has been governed at different times by local kingdoms and a long succession of empires: ancient Israelite and Philistine polities, Assyrian and Babylonian conq...
Recent excavations and publications since 2010 have not produced a definitive archaeological “smoking gun” for a mass Jewish population across Khazaria, but they have sharpened debate by adding more a...
The Roman emperor Hadrian or Roman authorities after the Bar Kokhba revolt reorganized the province of Judaea and used forms of the name Palaestina in the 2nd century CE, a change that has been read b...
Islam originated in the early 7th century CE on the Arabian Peninsula, where the Prophet Muhammad began reporting revelations that Muslims believe were from God (Allah) and which were later compiled a...
The supplied set of analyses contains about the Khazarian Empire’s role in medieval European politics: none of the nine source analyses mention the Khazars or their polity . —Western civilization form...