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Language that was used in the Ottoman Empire
Henry Ford’s recruitment of Arab immigrants was driven mainly by industrial labor needs and the draw of higher wages and stability—most sources cite Ford’s $5-a-day policy and active recruitment that ...
on a flag is not a single, uniform symbol; its meaning depends on cultural, historical, and design context — ranging from celestial bodies (sun, Venus, North Star) and religious or mythic references (...
In 1920 the territory east of the Jordan River was not a fully separate sovereign state called Jordan; instead it was part of the post‑Ottoman political vacuum that Britain placed under mandate arrang...
Before 1948, the lands now called Israel/Palestine were inhabited by multiple long-standing communities with deep local roots: Arab Palestinian villages and towns (Muslim, Christian and Druze), a cont...
Zionism is a modern Jewish nationalist movement that sought and achieved a Jewish state in historic Palestine in 1948, and that foundational achievement is a central root of the Israeli–Palestinian co...
The question "Does Palestine belong to the Palestinians?" has no single factual answer; it rests on overlapping historical claims, international legal developments, demographic realities, and competin...
A recurrent theme across centuries is the , exile or coerced assimilation of Muslim populations amid conquests, nation‑building and religious intolerance; prominent episodes include the medieval and t...
The British Mandate (1920–1948) and the UN’s 1947 partition plan together created the legal-geographic frame and the contested starting points that underpin nearly every modern Israeli and Palestinian...
Transjordan was included within the geographic scope of the British Mandate for Palestine at San Remo in 1920 but was administratively treated as a separate entity by Britain from about late 1920–1921...
Archaeological layers in Palestine show human habitation from the Paleolithic and Natufian periods through Bronze, Iron, Roman, Byzantine and Islamic eras, with continuous material culture at sites su...
Thomas Jefferson’s most concrete primary evidence relating to Islam is material and documentary: the Qur’an he purchased in 1765 that later entered his library, plus his library catalogue, notes and p...
Black-labeled populations indigenous to lands outside Africa fall into two clear categories in the sources reviewed: (A) long-established non-African indigenous peoples whose deep prehistory traces ba...
Western fears of a supposed Muslim global dominance are rooted in a long chain of historical encounters—from medieval military clashes and the memory of Islamic polities in Europe, through colonial-er...
The League of Nations mandates created many modern states from former Ottoman and German territories; nearly all former mandates achieved recognized sovereignty or were folded into UN trusteeships, wh...
Zionism as a modern political movement crystallized in late‑19th‑century Europe as a response to persistent antisemitism and the limits of emancipation, with marking its formal founding moments; earli...
Executive summary The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is a century-long, multi-layered dispute rooted in competing nationalisms, colonial-era decisions, wars in 1948 and 1967, and ongoing disputes over t...
’s modern timeline begins with designs in the late 18th century but layers older settlements, rapid 19th‑century growth, and a cosmopolitan building culture; the city was founded by decree of in 1794,...
Available polling and scholarly reporting show are overwhelmingly Muslim in identity across the region, but significant evidence points to diluted observance for many — with recent surveys finding a g...
— were the primary inhabitants of the long before : Gaza was part of and then , contained Palestinian towns and districts, and became home to large numbers of Palestinian refugees after the war; it re...
The question reflects a political judgement—“steal”—rooted in competing narratives about ownership, war, and law in historic ; the modern map of and the Palestinian territories was shaped by Zionist s...