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Bill C-9 — introduced as the “Combatting Hate Act” on September 19, 2025 — was tabled in the House of Commons and completed first reading in the 45th Parliament (45-1); the Justice Department publishe...
Conservative MPs and multiple civil-society groups have been the most visible opponents of Bill C‑9, arguing it lowers the legal threshold for “hatred,” threatens religious expression, and risks crimi...
Bill C-63 is the federal government’s proposed Online Harms Act aimed chiefly at promoting online safety in Canada by reducing specified harmful content on major social media platforms and creating ne...
Bill C-2 presents a mix of alongside a government reversal that removed proposed warrantless “lawful access” powers; the net effect is increased risk to migrants’ privacy and potential new national se...
Bill C-8 has been publicly championed by the federal government as a cybersecurity measure to protect telecommunications and other critical infrastructure, with Minister Gary Anandasangaree identified...
Bill C-63 (the Online Harms Act) would both expand platform obligations and create a new Digital Safety Commission while also opening limited pathways for accredited researchers to access platform dat...
Bill C-9’s measures to criminalize wilful promotion of hatred via public display of certain terror or hate symbols raise privacy, free‑expression and due‑process concerns, notably the risk of criminal...
Provincial governments and Indigenous groups have reacted strongly and variably to provisions in federal bills broadly labelled “C‑9” or similar: several provinces and territories have pushed back whe...
Bill C‑8 reintroduces broad cybersecurity powers that critics say permit warrantless collection from telecoms, orders that could weaken encryption or cut services, and expansive ministerial discretion...
Bill C-8 would create a new statutory regime — including amendments to the Telecommunications Act and a stand‑alone Critical Cyber Systems Protection Act (CCSPA) — that targets operators of “critical ...
Bill C-2 initially contained broad information-sharing and access powers that privacy advocates warned would expose migrants and ordinary Canadians to intrusive state access and harm; legal and civic ...