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(also written R‑Z19 in some trees) is a downstream branch of the R1b (R‑M343) paternal Y‑DNA lineage that sits within the U106/L48 sector of R1b, a lineage long associated with northwestern ; many inv...
Both strings—1a1b1a1a1c2a1 and R1b1a1b1a1a2b2—appear to be deep downstream designations inside the R1b phylogeny that, on the basis of standard nomenclature in the supplied sources, sit under the majo...
The clearest peer‑reviewed population‑genetics paper in the provided material that maps including U106 at regional resolution is the PMC study "A major Y‑chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder...