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Exsurge Domine

1520 papal bull by Pope Leo X threatening to excommunicate Martin Luther in response of his 95 Theses

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Nov 1, 2025
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What was Pope Leo X's official response to Luther's 95 Theses in 1520 and how did it escalate to excommunication?

Pope Leo X’s formal reply to Martin Luther’s challenge was the papal bull *Exsurge Domine* , which and gave Luther a sixty-day ultimatum to recant; Luther refused, escalating the conflict and culminat...