Index/Organizations/Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond

Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond

Member Bank of Federal Reserve

Fact-Checks

9 results
Dec 8, 2025
Most Viewed

What drove inflation in 2025

Inflation in 2025 was driven by a mix of housing and medical-care price strength, a rebound in goods prices (partly tied to tariffs), and episodic energy and food swings; headline CPI hit about 2.9–3....

Nov 18, 2025
Most Viewed

Did tariffs lead US companies to move production back to America or to other countries?

Tariffs have nudged some reshoring and supply‑chain reorientation but chiefly pushed firms to diversify beyond China — not mass “return to America.” The Richmond Fed and Budget Lab note past tariffs h...

Jan 22, 2026

was 287 billion dollars collected in tarriffs for 2025

Multiple reputable trackers and government releases of tariff receipts for 2025; one widely cited estimate places calendar‑year collections at but other authoritative sources report lower totals—$264 ...

Jan 22, 2026

What evidence exists on foreign exporters absorbing tariff costs (foreign incidence) during the 2025 tariff episode?

Evidence on whether foreign exporters absorbed any of the is mixed: high-frequency import-price data and several empirical studies point to little foreign incidence so far, but official projections an...

Jan 20, 2026

How do tariffs and trade policy historically affect consumer food and energy prices according to academic research?

Academic research and central‑bank analyses find that tariffs reliably raise consumer prices—often passed through substantially to buyers—and that the effects on food and energy are non‑uniform: food ...

Jan 15, 2026

What have independent analyses concluded about tariffs' effect on U.S. consumer prices since 2018?

Independent academic and central‑bank analyses conclude that U.S. tariffs since 2018 raised import and retail prices in a measurable way — in many studies the costs were largely borne by U.S. importer...

Dec 20, 2025

How did economists apportion the roles of stimulus versus supply shocks in driving 2021–22 inflation?

Economists split the blame for the 2021–22 inflation surge between two forces: acute supply-side shocks (shipping bottlenecks, input shortages, energy price spikes) that pushed up prices early and une...

Dec 18, 2025

Which industries and imported goods contributed most to the $200 billion in tariffs this year?

Customs and Border Protection (CBP) reported more than $200 billion in tariff collections between January 20 and December 15, 2025, attributing that haul to a suite of new country- and sector-specific...

Dec 3, 2025

TARRIFF GOOD FOR AMERICANS?

Tariffs enacted in 2025 raise large government revenue—estimates range from about $205 billion collected through October 2025 to projections of roughly $2.0–$2.5 trillion over 2026–35—while most macro...