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Member Bank of Federal Reserve
Tariffs have nudged some reshoring and supply‑chain reorientation but chiefly pushed firms to diversify beyond China — not mass “return to America.” The Richmond Fed and Budget Lab note past tariffs h...
Inflation in 2025 was driven by a mix of housing and medical-care price strength, a rebound in goods prices (partly tied to tariffs), and episodic energy and food swings; headline CPI hit about 2.9–3....
Multiple reputable trackers and government releases of tariff receipts for 2025; one widely cited estimate places calendar‑year collections at but other authoritative sources report lower totals—$264 ...
Economists split the blame for the 2021–22 inflation surge between two forces: acute supply-side shocks (shipping bottlenecks, input shortages, energy price spikes) that pushed up prices early and une...
Evidence on whether foreign exporters absorbed any of the is mixed: high-frequency import-price data and several empirical studies point to little foreign incidence so far, but official projections an...
Academic research and central‑bank analyses find that tariffs reliably raise consumer prices—often passed through substantially to buyers—and that the effects on food and energy are non‑uniform: food ...
Independent academic and central‑bank analyses conclude that U.S. tariffs since 2018 raised import and retail prices in a measurable way — in many studies the costs were largely borne by U.S. importer...
Customs and Border Protection (CBP) reported more than $200 billion in tariff collections between January 20 and December 15, 2025, attributing that haul to a suite of new country- and sector-specific...
Tariffs enacted in 2025 raise large government revenue—estimates range from about $205 billion collected through October 2025 to projections of roughly $2.0–$2.5 trillion over 2026–35—while most macro...