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ICE detention standards and model policies require written procedures for pat, strip and body-cavity searches and allow such searches in detention settings under regulated circumstances (see ICE PBNDS...
State and federal laws define “riot” in ways that vary from narrow, violence‑focused definitions to broader formulations that can sweep in nonviolent participants; the power to order dispersal flows f...
Local, state and agency policies — not a single comprehensive federal rule — primarily govern when police may use tear gas and flash‑bangs, and those rules vary widely: some jurisdictions bar or limit...
State and local police departments largely prohibit firing at moving vehicles except when a driver presents an imminent threat beyond the vehicle itself, language mirrored in Department of Justice gui...
New York City’s 1972 move to bar officers from firing at or from moving vehicles is widely credited with reducing bystanders struck by police gunfire and lowering deaths in police shootings, and it sp...
Recent local cases of alleged incitement have triggered heavy criminal penalties in some jurisdictions and calls for broader prosecution in others. In Pakistan, an anti‑terrorism court in Lahore sente...
Federal and most major police policies say an officer may not shoot at a moving vehicle merely to stop or disable it and may use deadly force only when no reasonable alternative exists — explicitly in...
Federal law enforcement agencies do not share a single, statutory minimum psychological-evaluation standard; requirements vary by agency and many federal components lack routine pre-employment psychol...
Since President Trump’s January 20, 2025 mass pardon of individuals convicted for offenses tied to January 6, 2021, U.S. law‑enforcement groups, congressional Democrats and some Republicans have publi...
Definitions vary, but authoritative practice-based definitions converge: a “false report” of sexual assault is one that a thorough investigation shows was deliberately fabricated — i.e., evidence esta...
Police officers have access to a wide range of specialized mental health supports that include 24/7 confidential hotlines, peer support programs, national toolkits for suicide prevention, and agency-l...