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Peer-reviewed scientific journal
Debates over water fluoridation often frame it as “mass medication” and a violation of bodily autonomy; legal and ethical literature shows courts have sometimes rejected that claim while public-health...
Scientific and public-health authorities have long said low-level water fluoridation reduces tooth decay and is safe at recommended concentrations (about 0.7 mg/L), with water fluoridation reaching ro...
Mouthguards clearly cut orofacial and dental injuries in football—multiple reviews and organisations (ADA, NFHS) report significant reductions in dental trauma when properly fitted mouthguards are use...
A broad consensus of dental and sports-medicine authorities says mouthguards reduce dental and orofacial injuries in contact sports; studies report risk reductions ranging from large percentage drops ...
Available reporting indicates mouthguards are widely promoted as essential for youth lacrosse and are required by many governing bodies; multiple equipment makers and safety advocates say athletes are...
Major recent reviews and meta-analyses report an association between higher fluoride exposure and lower childhood IQ, with one pooled analysis across 74 studies finding about a 1.6–1.7 point IQ decrem...
Fluoride has been added to many U.S. community water supplies since the 1940s to prevent tooth decay; federal guidance historically set an “optimal” level of about 0.7 parts per million to balance cav...
Registered nurse (RN) licensure is a state-regulated credential tied to completing an accredited nursing program and passing the NCLEX‑RN; renewal typically requires continuing education or documented...
Fluoride in community water supplies reduces tooth decay but recent studies and reviews have raised credible concerns about potential at higher exposures; experts disagree about whether levels used in...