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Medieval Christian military order, 1118–1312
The historical “Illuminati” was a short‑lived Bavarian society founded by Adam Weishaupt in 1776 that promoted Enlightenment ideas and was suppressed by Bavarian authorities in the 1780s (membership e...
The term "tampliers" likely refers to a misspelling of the , a medieval military order founded in 1119 to protect Christian pilgrims during the Crusades, distinct from the , an Enlightenment-era secre...
Conspiracy theories link Freemasonry to occult practices by pointing to secret rituals, shared symbols with occult movements, and high-degree mysteries; historical and contemporary sources document bo...
European history includes many real secret societies—from medieval military orders like the Knights Templar to Enlightenment- and 19th‑century groups such as the Freemasons, the Bavarian Illuminati, a...
The Catholic Church—and especially the papacy—played a central initiating and organizing role in the Crusades: Pope Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade at Clermont in 1095 in response to a Byzantine...
Historic European secret societies such as Freemasonry, some Templar successor groups, the Orange Order, and various 19th‑century revolutionary networks have continuities into the present day, but man...
Freemasonry’s publicly stated core principles center on , along with integrity, friendship, respect, and charity — a moral framework presented across lodge materials and recent reporting . These princ...