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Venezuela sits atop the world’s largest proven oil reserves — heavy “Orinoco” crude that is costly to produce and needs diluents and investment to flow — and that reality shapes U.S. policy choices ev...
A major fire and explosion occurred at the Petrocedeno crude upgrader in Anzoátegui state in mid-November 2025, with witnesses and PDVSA sources describing blasts near the distillation tower and thick...
Reuters quantified December 2025 crude and gasoline market moves primarily by reporting traded futures settlement prices for Brent and U.S. West Texas Intermediate (WTI), percent changes session-to-se...
Chinese state-linked China Concord Resources Corp (CCRC) is operating a $1 billion Lake Maracaibo project with a floating production facility to boost output at Lago Cinco and Lagunillas Lago from abo...
AIS (Automatic Identification System) gaps and spoofing are effective short-term concealment tools that dark fleets and smugglers use frequently: analysts report hundreds of spoofing incidents and pat...
Venezuela has long relied on imported diluents—especially naphtha—to make its extra‑heavy Orinoco crude transportable, with historical import flows often measured in tens of thousands of barrels per d...
Venezuela’s extra‑heavy Orinoco crude is routinely diluted with imported naphtha and condensate, supplied principally in recent years from Russia, Iran and—under limited U.S. authorizations—U.S. heavy...
When diluent supplies fall away, refiners and Venezuelan producers respond with a mix of technical workarounds — recovering and recycling diluent in closed loops, leaning on partial upgrading/thermal ...
Diluents—light hydrocarbons used to thin Venezuela’s extra‑heavy Orinoco crude—are a bottleneck: shortages and disrupted logistics directly cut what can be produced and shipped, forcing Venezuela to d...
The phrase "Iron bost" appears to point to multiple strands of reporting: a boatmaker brand called IRON Boats promoting models and shows (including the 827 and appearances at Athens and Sydney boat sh...