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Black nationalist African-American new religious movement
Claims that Jews were "largely" or predominantly responsible for the European slave trade from the 14th through 17th centuries do not stand up to careful historical scrutiny: evidence shows Jewish par...
Malcolm X drew a sharp distinction between , portraying liberals as the more insidious obstacle to Black freedom because they disguised domination behind rhetoric of sympathy, while conservatives expr...
During his years as a Nation of Islam (NOI) minister (roughly 1952–1964), Malcolm X publicly embraced NOI teachings that characterized white people as oppressive and even as “devils,” arguing whites w...
By 1964 Malcolm X had publicly shifted from categorical denunciations of all white people toward a more targeted critique: he continued to condemn "white liberals" as hypocritical and harmful to Black...
Malcolm X initially argued for Black rather than integration, rejecting the premise that African Americans should merge into what he called a corrupt white nation and instead urging self-determination...
Barack Obama repeatedly and directly refuted claims that he was a Muslim by asserting his Christian faith in high‑profile speeches, interviews and campaign events, emphasizing longtime membership at T...
Malcolm X repeatedly portrayed white liberals after leaving the Nation of Islam as , arguing they posed as friends while ultimately protecting the white establishment. Contemporary analyses of his 196...
Claims that people of African descent — often phrased as “Black tribes” or pre‑Columbian African visitors — were present in the Americas long before the trans‑Atlantic slave trade are a long‑running a...
Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, 1925–1965) rose from a troubled youth and prison sentence to become the Nation of Islam’s most visible minister and national spokesman, articulating Black nationalism, ...
Malcolm X’s public stance toward white conservatives moved from categorical rejection of white-led reform and a focus on racial separation to a more complex, internationally framed critique that opene...
Malcolm X’s Nation of Islam (NOI) years (roughly 1952–early 1964) contain multiple speeches and published remarks that explicitly cast “the white man” as the principal enemy of Black people and that a...
A local outlet, Shore News Network, reported that a “Muslim flag” was raised above Newark City Hall during a Muslim Heritage Month event, describing city officials and residents participating in the o...
Between 1963 and 1965 Martin Luther King Jr.’s documented public responses to Malcolm X ranged from sharp critique of his endorsement of violence to restrained personal respect and even gestures of co...
A short list of Malcolm X’s most famous, frequently reprinted lines captures his evolution from Nation of Islam minister to global human-rights advocate; these include aphorisms about conviction (“A m...
Historians generally portray Malcolm X in the mid-1960s as a figure in transition: while earlier identified with racial separatism and blunt critique of white America and white allies, by 1964–65 his ...
Martin Luther King Jr. and other mainstream civil-rights leaders regarded Malcolm X as a powerful critic whose blistering critique of “white liberals” exposed real hypocrisies, yet they disagreed with...
A brief cascade of Supreme Court rulings and related litigation in the late 1960s and early 1970s loosened the narrow, sectarian definition of who qualified as a conscientious objector and then tighte...
Malcolm X’s 1964 pilgrimage to Mecca prompted a recorded and dramatic shift in how he described white people and white Muslims: he wrote that during the hajj he “didn't see them as 'white' men,” prais...