Index/Organizations/Ohio National Guard

Ohio National Guard

Comprises the Ohio Army National Guard and the Ohio Air National Guard

Fact-Checks

14 results
Nov 24, 2025
Most Viewed

What were the legal outcomes for soldiers involved in Kent State, including trials and appeals?

Federal criminal charges were brought against eight Ohio National Guardsmen in 1974 but Judge Frank J. Battisti dismissed the case and acquitted them mid‑trial for insufficient proof of willful civil‑...

Nov 29, 2025
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What orders did President Nixon give regarding the Kent State protests and National Guard deployment?

President Nixon did not directly order the Ohio National Guard to Kent State; the Guard was activated by Governor James Rhodes after local officials requested help amid riots . Nixon privately used di...

Nov 29, 2025
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What were the legal outcomes for the Ohio National Guard members prosecuted after Kent State?

Eight Ohio National Guard members were indicted in federal court in 1974 on civil-rights charges alleging they unlawfully deprived students of their rights when they fired at Kent State on May 4, 1970...

Nov 29, 2025

How did federal officials, including President Nixon and the Pentagon, respond to or influence the Kent State deployment?

Federal officials reacted to the Kent State shootings by both public and private measures that shaped the national response: President Nixon immediately framed the crisis in political terms and reinfo...

Jan 9, 2026

What did the President’s Commission on Campus Unrest conclude about responsibility for the Kent State shootings?

The President’s Commission on Campus Unrest — the Scranton Commission — concluded in its September 1970 report that the May 4 shootings at Kent State were “unnecessary, unwarranted, and inexcusable,” ...

Dec 1, 2025

What civil suits resulted from the Kent State massacre and what settlements were reached?

Civil litigation stemming from the May 4, 1970 Kent State shootings produced a long, complex legal aftermath that ended in an out‑of‑court monetary settlement in January 1979: the State of Ohio paid a...

Jan 15, 2026

Did President Nixon directly authorize the National Guard to fire on students at Kent State?

The Ohio National Guard fired on students at Kent State on May 4, 1970, killing four and wounding nine, but the historical record in the provided sources does not show President Richard Nixon directly...

Nov 25, 2025

Who ordered the troop deployment to Kent State on May 4, 1970, and why?

Ohio Governor James A. Rhodes ordered the Ohio National Guard to Kent in early May 1970 after local unrest, including downtown disturbances and the burning of the campus ROTC building; he publicly vow...

Jan 9, 2026

Were there federal legal justifications cited for influencing the Kent State response?

The contemporaneous record does not show a clear, documented federal legal justification that was cited to direct or authorize the Ohio National Guard’s tactics on May 4, 1970; the Guard remained unde...

Jan 9, 2026

How has historical scholarship since 1970 reassessed the role of the Ohio National Guard and university administrators in the Kent State shootings?

Historical scholarship since 1970 has moved from immediate official inquiries to a layered reassessment that consistently places primary responsibility for the killings on failures of the Ohio Nationa...

Jan 9, 2026

How did state grand jury investigations immediately after May 4, 1970, allocate blame between students, officials and the Ohio National Guard?

A special Portage County (state) grand jury convened after May 4, 1970, placed primary legal blame on Kent State students and university administrators while formally exonerating the Ohio National Gua...

Dec 6, 2025

How much compensation did plaintiffs receive in the 1979 Kent State settlement and who paid it?

An out‑of‑court settlement in January 1979 paid $675,000 to the injured students and the families of the four students killed at Kent State on May 4, 1970; the money was paid by the State of Ohio (lar...

Nov 26, 2025

How did the Kent State indictments influence military rules of engagement and crowd-control policy?

The indictments and trials of Ohio National Guard members after the May 4, 1970 Kent State shootings prompted public debate and legal scrutiny but did not produce a single, clearly documented national...

Nov 24, 2025

Were the soldiers who shot students in Ohio charged?

Available reporting shows a November 2, 2025 mass shooting at an Airbnb rental in Bath Township, Ohio, that wounded nine people and later prompted arrests: two adults (ages 18 and 19) and one juvenile...