Index/Organizations/Police Executive Research Forum

Police Executive Research Forum

Organization

Fact-Checks

8 results
Jan 11, 2026
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can a police officer stand in front of car and shoot

As a general rule, modern policing doctrine and federal guidance advise officers not to stand in front of or shoot into moving vehicles and to move out of the vehicle’s path when feasible; shooting at...

Jan 14, 2026
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How do state and local police vehicle-shooting policies differ from federal DOJ/DHS guidance and with what outcomes?

State and local police departments largely prohibit firing at moving vehicles except when a driver presents an imminent threat beyond the vehicle itself, language mirrored in Department of Justice gui...

Jan 12, 2026
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How did New York City’s 1970s ban on shooting at moving vehicles change policing outcomes?

New York City’s 1972 move to bar officers from firing at or from moving vehicles is widely credited with reducing bystanders struck by police gunfire and lowering deaths in police shootings, and it sp...

Jan 26, 2026

How do federal use‑of‑force protocols govern Border Patrol operations in domestic enforcement actions?

Federal shape by imposing legal and agency standards—deadly force is permitted only when an agent reasonably believes there is an imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm, and force must be pro...

Jan 19, 2026

Have there been recent endorsements or criticisms of ICE by major police organizations?

Major police organizations and federal law‑enforcement groups have offered a mixture of criticism, caution and implicit support toward ICE in recent months: national policing forums have flagged immig...

Jan 18, 2026

What is the year over comparison between mi pd resignations from 2020 to 2026

Nationwide surveys show a sharp uptick in police resignations beginning in 2020: the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) found resignations rose roughly 18–20% in 2020–21 compared with the prior ye...

Jan 9, 2026

Can an officer shoot the driver of a vehicle if he has time to step out of the way?

Federal and most major police policies say an officer may not shoot at a moving vehicle merely to stop or disable it and may use deadly force only when no reasonable alternative exists — explicitly in...

Dec 16, 2025

What community interventions or policing strategies were implemented in neighborhoods with notable homicide changes over the comparable periods?

Cities reporting notable drops in homicides credit a mix of community violence intervention (CVI) programs, focused deterrence/“precision” policing, enhanced data sharing and increased arrests in hots...