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Underground carding forums function as specialized marketplaces and social hubs that coordinate theft, vet sellers, and advertise stolen payment data while offering services that turn raw dumps into c...
Western and European intelligence agencies publicly tied a series of incendiary parcel incidents and arrests in 2024 to a suspected Russian sabotage campaign that tested methods for placing explosives...
Yes — people who access CSAM on Tor can be investigated and in some cases identified and prosecuted; studies and law‑enforcement reports show Tor hosts large volumes of CSAM and investigators have use...
Researchers and law enforcement combine technical crawling, machine‑learning classifiers, intelligence from stolen‑credential and malware logs, and intrusive legal tactics such as network‑investigativ...
Current threat assessments show Islamist extremist violence in the U.S. is real but episodic: research counted 8 jihadist attacks and 10 disrupted plots between 2020 and Jan. 1, 2025, and analysts war...
The available analyses converge on a clear finding: ; the ecosystem is criminal, fluid, and rife with deception . Multiple 2025 reports name active carding markets and describe semi‑professional suppl...
Forensic investigators link Tor users to child sexual abuse material (CSAM) without saved files primarily by combining malware-sourced logs, financial blockchain tracing, network traffic and service-l...
Successful defenses in online CSAM cases most commonly arise from procedural and evidentiary challenges—defective search warrants, weak chain-of-custody or indigent proof of knowledge—or from evolving...
An ISP can see that a customer is connecting to the Tor network but cannot see the specific Tor destinations or the content of Tor traffic; Tor encrypts and routes traffic through relays so ISPs “only...
There are multiple practical alternatives to Tor for reducing DNS leaks — most guides and vendors recommend using a reputable VPN with built‑in DNS‑leak protection, encrypted DNS (DoH/DoT), or privacy...
Prosecutors rely on a mix of technical forensics, operational slips, malware/credential leaks, and traditional investigative techniques to unmask people who view CSAM over Tor; recent high-profile tak...
By mid‑2025 researchers and agencies report a sharp rise in targeted political violence — roughly 150 politically motivated attacks in the first half of 2025, nearly double the same period in 2024 — a...
Device and platform traces that can link a user to CSAM include file hashes and fuzzy/perceptual hashes used for on-device or server-side matching (e.g., PhotoDNA, NeuralHash, PDQ), metadata embedded ...
Purchasing stolen card data carries immediate fraud risk, legal exposure, and operational unreliability: many stolen cards are tested and blocked quickly, and banks and platforms increasingly detect a...
Law enforcement uses a mix of commercial dark‑web monitoring platforms, bespoke crawlers and OSINT tools, blockchain/transaction analysis, traditional forensic tools, and — in some cases — offensive h...
Private-property boundaries complicate border surveillance by creating legal, logistical and political hurdles: federal rules give Border Patrol expanded authorities “at and near” the border—including...
Server-side logs and timestamps that platforms and investigators commonly use to infer viewing or downloading of CSAM include web access logs (client IP, request path, User-Agent, status code, timesta...
Defendants in CSAM cases commonly invoke technical and factual defenses such as “unknowing possession” due to malware or unsolicited downloads, mislabeling or misidentification of images, and challeng...
The main causes of political violence in 2025 are a convergence of deep domestic political polarization, evolving extremist ideologies across the left‑right spectrum, accelerating online radicalizatio...
Police and specialized task forces do actively try to identify people who download CSAM from cyberlocker services when those leads are available and investigatively valuable; investigators rely on pla...