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Index/Organizations/United States Coast Survey

United States Coast Survey

Former U.S. agency responsible for providing accurate charts of the coastlines of the United States (1836 - 1878)

Fact-Checks

2 results
Dec 13, 2025
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How many enslaved people lived in the United States in 1860 and how were they distributed by state?

The 1860 U.S. census enumerated roughly 3.95 million people held in bondage — most commonly reported as 3,953,760 or rounded to about 3.9 million . Those enslaved people were unevenly distributed by s...

Feb 2, 2026

How did county-level percentages of enslaved populations vary across the Deep South in 1860?

The in showed extreme local variation in the share of county populations that were enslaved: many river-valley and coastal counties were majority‑enslaved—frequently exceeding 50–70 percent—while inla...