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Federal Appeals Court
Federal criminal charges were brought against eight Ohio National Guardsmen in 1974 but Judge Frank J. Battisti dismissed the case and acquitted them mid‑trial for insufficient proof of willful civil‑...
Courts have treated qualified immunity claims by or against ICE officers inconsistently: federal appellate courts have granted qualified immunity in some abuse-of-authority suits where they found no “...
The criminal prosecution of eight Ohio National Guardsmen for the May 4, 1970, Kent State shootings ended in acquittal when U.S. District Judge Frank J. Battisti ordered acquittals in November 1974, f...
Executive Summary ICE agents can sometimes be held personally liable for wrongful detention, but legal outcomes are highly uncertain and vary by jurisdiction because of competing doctrines—Bivens reme...
Federal courts were sharply divided before the Supreme Court’s ruling: a minority of circuits—most notably the Fifth, along with the Second, Fourth, and Eighth in practice—applied a compressed “moment...
Hash-value matches to known CSAM can sometimes give police probable cause but do not automatically eliminate Fourth Amendment requirements; courts are divided on whether a provider’s automated hash ma...
A federal inducement prosecution under 18 U.S.C. § 2251 requires proof that a defendant employed, used, persuaded, induced, enticed, or coerced a minor to engage in sexually explicit conduct for the p...
Federal law and practice around sealing and unsealing court and investigative files have been nudged by a mix of appellate opinions, judiciary-level administrative actions, high‑profile disclosure bat...
Carpenter v. United States held that the government’s acquisition of historical cell‑site location information (CSLI) was a Fourth Amendment search and generally requires a warrant supported by probab...
Courts treat accidental access to child pornography links as a fact‑specific inquiry that turns on ; some circuits have rejected accidental‑access defenses while others have accepted them where no evi...