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Claims that “tons of cocaine” were found in are not supported by the reporting provided: recent high-profile law-enforcement actions in the involved very large seizures (measured in hundreds of pounds...
Since 2020 investigators and analysts have documented a rapid expansion in the array of precursor chemicals trafficked to support illicit manufacture—ranging from well-known intermediates like ANPP/4‑...
Illicit fentanyl production most commonly uses a small set of synthetic routes—historically the Siegfried/Janssen methods and, more recently, the “Gupta” or one‑pot variants—each built from identifiab...
regulated and unregulated precursor chemicals by exploiting gaps in international trade controls, using deceptive shipping and business practices, and substituting uncontrolled chemicals and synthesis...
International controls on have expanded in stages: two long-known precursors were placed under the 1988 Convention in , three more were added by the in March and entered into force on 23 November 2022...
has repeatedly shown it can be carried out using chemicals that were not originally regulated, because illicit operators substitute or synthesize alternative precursor chemicals to evade controls; gov...
Tighter international and national controls on ">2017-2024">fentanyl precursor chemicals have reshaped where and how illicit fentanyl is made: traffickers have repeatedly adapted by switching syntheti...