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Index/People/Franz von Papen

Franz von Papen

German general staff officer, politician, diplomat, nobleman and Chancellor of Germany (1879–1969)

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3 results
Jan 20, 2026

How did Article 48 function in practice during the Weimar Republic and which decrees mattered most?

Article 48 was a constitutional emergency clause that allowed the Reich President to suspend civil liberties and issue binding decrees to restore public order; in practice it became a routine tool use...

Jan 7, 2026

What were Hitler's key steps in seizing control with limited notice or objection?

Adolf Hitler seized effective control of Germany through a sequence of legal, political, and extra‑legal maneuvers: building a mass political organization and paramilitary arms, exploiting economic an...

Jan 6, 2026

What were the 1933 Reichskonkordat and its impact on Catholic Church in Germany?

The 1933 Reichskonkordat was a bilateral treaty signed on 20 July 1933 between the Holy See (represented by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli) and Nazi Germany (represented by Vice‑Chancellor Franz von Papen) ...