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English historian of Nazi Germany (born 1943)
The most persistent allegation that Adolf Hitler had a sexual relationship with a family member centers on his half‑niece Geli Raubal, who lived with him in Munich, died by suicide in 1931, and immedi...
A compact roster of scholars dominates contemporary and historical debates about fascism: Robert Paxton, Roger Griffin, Emilio Gentile, George L. Mosse, Ian Kershaw, Ruth Ben‑Ghiat, and a cluster of h...
Historians distinguish fascism from broader authoritarianism by looking for a bundle of ideological, organizational, and rhetorical traits — not merely the presence of concentrated power — with fascis...
Early Nazi propaganda translated the Führerprinzip—the doctrine that authority flows from a single, unquestionable leader—into a mass cult of personality by combining modern media, staged public spect...
Fascism is a distinct form of authoritarian politics that combines militant ultranationalism, mass mobilization, and a revolutionary aim to remake society — not merely conserve it — often fused with m...