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Painting by Boris Artzybasheff
NASA and other analysts say the Van Allen radiation belts are a real hazard but not an impenetrable barrier: Apollo crews crossed them quickly, through thinner regions, and received relatively low dos...
Apollo crews and modern missions minimize Van Allen Belt risk by routing fast through thinner regions, using spacecraft shielding, and limiting time spent in high-radiation zones; NASA cited a 52‑minu...
Apollo crews did pass through the Van Allen radiation belts, but mission design, spacecraft shielding and brief transit times kept measured doses to levels that contemporary reports and NASA post‑flig...
The Van Allen radiation belts are doughnut-shaped zones of energetic charged particles—primarily electrons and protons—trapped by Earth’s magnetosphere and stretching from a few hundred to tens of tho...