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Fifth and last Roman Emperor of Julio-Claudian dynasty (54–68)
Three Roman-era non‑Christian writers commonly cited as mentioning Jesus are Tacitus, Suetonius and Pliny the Younger; Tacitus (Annals, c. 116) says “Christus” suffered under Pontius Pilate and that C...
Roman-era writers who mention Jesus by name include Tacitus (who calls him Christus and records his execution under Pontius Pilate) and the Jewish-Roman historian Josephus (who refers to Jesus in Anti...
Scholars point to a small cluster of non‑Christian ancient sources that mention Jesus — most notably the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus — and judge them useful for confirmin...
Accusations that a public figure is the Antichrist have recurred across two millennia, applied to popes, emperors, revolutionaries, dictators and modern politicians as a way to name ultimate evil in c...
Different religions treat the idea of an Antichrist-like figure in markedly different ways: mainstream Christian traditions debate whether the Antichrist is a future world ruler, a historical pattern ...
has invoked both rhetorically—saying U.S. and share cultural and political roots going “back thousands of years, to Ancient Rome” —and been repeatedly compared by journalists and scholars to and the R...
Early non-Christian writers—Tacitus and Josephus—provide brief but pointed references that align on key facts about Jesus and the emergent Christian movement (crucifixion under Pilate; growth and orig...
Tacitus’ Annals 15.44 presents one of the earliest Roman accounts linking Nero to the persecution of a group the manuscripts name as Christianos (commonly translated “Christians”), saying Nero blamed ...
Tacitus does include an explicit reference to Christus (the Latin form of “Christ”) and links that figure to the execution under Pontius Pilate, a passage most scholars accept as referring to Jesus of...
Donald Trump has repeatedly been compared to a range of Roman figures—most commonly Nero, Caligula and Julius Caesar, but also Augustus, Claudius, Caracalla, Tiberius and even Commodus—by journalists,...
Non‑Christian first‑ and early‑second‑century writers refer to a figure associated with the name “Christ/Christus” who was executed under Pontius Pilate and who became the focus of a distinct group ca...