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Pope of the Catholic Church from 1939 to 1958
The Catholic Church’s response to Nazi persecution was complex and mixed: institutional leaders sometimes protested Nazi attacks on the Church and issued public condemnations (notably the 1937 encycli...
Several modern popes have both defended and reshaped how the () is understood and practiced: elevated its theological importance and framed it as a personal right and encounter with Christ , emphasize...
The 1933 Reichskonkordat was a bilateral treaty signed on 20 July 1933 between the Holy See (represented by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli) and Nazi Germany (represented by Vice‑Chancellor Franz von Papen) ...