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Ancient Roman nomen
Non-Christian ancient writings confirm that Jesus of Nazareth was known, executed under Roman authority, and that early followers claimed he rose from the dead; . Modern treatments vary: apologetic ac...
Three Roman-era non‑Christian writers commonly cited as mentioning Jesus are Tacitus, Suetonius and Pliny the Younger; Tacitus (Annals, c. 116) says “Christus” suffered under Pontius Pilate and that C...
Roman-era writers who mention Jesus by name include Tacitus (who calls him Christus and records his execution under Pontius Pilate) and the Jewish-Roman historian Josephus (who refers to Jesus in Anti...
Scholars point to a small cluster of non‑Christian ancient sources that mention Jesus — most notably the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman historian Tacitus — and judge them useful for confirmin...
Ancient non‑Christian writers who are commonly cited as mentioning Jesus outside the New Testament are not found in the current provided sources; instead the supplied reporting focuses on the dating a...
The claim that a particular historical writing is categorically “more reliable than the New Testament” is contested: scholars treat reliability as a function of genre, purpose, proximity to events, an...
The question of which primary historical sources mention outside the New Testament can be answered: several independent Greco‑Roman and Jewish writers of the late first and early second centuries refe...
Early non-Christian writers—Tacitus and Josephus—provide brief but pointed references that align on key facts about Jesus and the emergent Christian movement (crucifixion under Pilate; growth and orig...
Tacitus’ Annals 15.44 presents one of the earliest Roman accounts linking Nero to the persecution of a group the manuscripts name as Christianos (commonly translated “Christians”), saying Nero blamed ...
Tacitus does include an explicit reference to Christus (the Latin form of “Christ”) and links that figure to the execution under Pontius Pilate, a passage most scholars accept as referring to Jesus of...
Non‑Christian first‑ and early‑second‑century writers refer to a figure associated with the name “Christ/Christus” who was executed under Pontius Pilate and who became the focus of a distinct group ca...