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Bishop of Llandaff and of St Asaph, and translator of the Bible into Welsh
Anti‑Masonic sentiment in early 19th‑century America coalesced quickly after the 1826 disappearance of William Morgan, which transformed popular suspicion of Freemasonry into an organized political mo...
Documented links between prominent American politicians and Freemasonry are well established in historical accounts: multiple U.S. presidents and leading founding-era figures belonged to Masonic lodge...
Masonic bodies have used internal reform campaigns (membership restoration, governance training, leadership retreats), public-facing information centers, heritage/restoration projects and targeted com...
Public scandals and political reactions have repeatedly dented trust in Freemasonry: the Morgan affair and the resulting Anti‑Masonic Party in the 1820s–1830s eroded American confidence and closed lod...
Public perception of presidents who were Freemasons shifted from routine acceptance in the 18th and 19th centuries — when Freemasonry was a common civic affiliation for political leaders — to periodic...