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San Francisco-born Chinese American, whose challenge to the government's refusal to entry led to Supreme Court decision in 1898 establishing an important precedent of birthright citizenship in its interpretation of the 14th Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment’s Citizenship Clause has been interpreted by courts to grant birthright citizenship to nearly everyone born on U.S. soil, including children of undocumented immigrants, based ...
The Supreme Court’s doctrine on which constitutional rights reach non‑citizens is a patchwork of landmark decisions establishing that “persons” within U.S. territory receive many constitutional protec...
Three layers of federal rulings have shaped the legal fight over President Trump’s Executive Order 14160: multiple federal district judges issued nationwide preliminary injunctions blocking the Order’...
The parents of Wong Kim Ark were not described in the contemporary record as “illegal aliens”; they were Chinese subjects who maintained a permanent domicile and residence in San Francisco at the time...
The Supreme Court’s long-running jurisprudence has historically treated the Fourteenth Amendment’s Citizenship Clause as establishing broad birthright citizenship for most persons born on U.S. soil—a ...
The 14th Amendment’s Citizenship Clause has been interpreted for more than 125 years to grant nearly automatic citizenship to almost everyone born on U.S. soil; lower courts have repeatedly held that ...
A bill such as the “Born in the USA Act” must be introduced, referred to committee, reported, passed in identical form by both chambers, and be signed by the President to become law; H.R.3368 and S.64...
The Constitution requires the president to be a “natural born Citizen” (Article II, Section 1, Clause 5) and otherwise sets minimums of 35 years of age and 14 years’ U.S. residency . The Constitution ...
The Constitution requires the president be a “natural born Citizen,” but the text does not define that term and the Supreme Court has never definitively ruled on whether being born inside U.S. territo...
Since 2020 courts have continued to define how the 14th Amendment protects noncitizens—most decisively through lower-court fights over detention, due process, and birthright citizenship that reached t...
The debate over the “natural‑born citizen” requirement has been litigated mostly in two eras: late‑19th/early‑20th‑century cases that established birthright citizenship (notably United States v. Wong ...
The Born in America / Birthright Citizenship bills on the 2025–26 congressional calendar would narrow who counts as “subject to the jurisdiction” under the Fourteenth Amendment, limiting automatic U.S...
Three distinct legislative tracks in the 119th Congress framed the birthright citizenship debate: bills that would narrow jus soli by redefining who is “subject to the jurisdiction” of the United Stat...
The Birthright Citizenship Act proposed in recent Congresses would narrow the federal statutory definition of who is “subject to the jurisdiction” for purposes of citizenship at birth, limiting automa...
The phrase “Born in America Act” has been used for several, different proposals in 2025–2026 discourse; there is no single, uncontested statute with a universally agreed set of eligibility rules (Snop...
Executive Order 14160 is a January 20, 2025 presidential directive that attempts to narrow the federal government’s long‑standing interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment’s Citizenship Clause by dec...
Yes — noncitizens and the children of noncitizens have mounted direct constitutional challenges invoking the 14th Amendment: the seminal 1898 United States v. Wong Kim Ark lawsuit, in which a U.S.-bor...
Multiple federal district courts enjoined enforcement of Executive Order 14160, with written opinions holding that the Order likely violates the Fourteenth Amendment by contravening the Citizenship Cl...
Since 1991 and especially since 2019, members of Congress have repeatedly introduced bills to restrict jus soli (birthright citizenship); prominent recent proposals include H.R.4864 (End Birthright Ci...
Major recent efforts to limit birthright citizenship include President Trump’s January 20, 2025 Executive Order No. 14160 and companion congressional bills (the Birthright Citizenship Act of 2025: S.3...