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The abolition of slavery in the United States through a combination of abolitionist organizing, political crises, and the Civil War, culminating in the 13th Amendment.
held views about race that by modern standards include explicitly racist statements and support for policies like voluntary colonization, yet he also opposed , issued the Emancipation Proclamation, an...
Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment bars from federal or state office anyone who, having previously sworn an oath to support the Constitution as a public official, “engaged in insurrection or rebell...
Courts in the modern era have treated of the Fourteenth Amendment as a live but sparsely litigated constitutional disqualification mechanism: lower courts and state tribunals have applied it to remove...
The New History of Capitalism (NHC) argues that slavery was not peripheral but central to antebellum American economic development, driving innovations in finance, management, and market integration t...
The in showed extreme local variation in the share of county populations that were enslaved: many river-valley and coastal counties were majority‑enslaved—frequently exceeding 50–70 percent—while inla...